NATURAL SYSTEM OF THIS MANDAL. 427 
Series 1. Infere or Epigynex, in which the ovary is inferior, 
or rarely superior, as in some Bromeliacea: 
and Hzemadoracez. Perianth usually in two 
whorls and both coloured. 
Series 2. Superx, in which the ovary is superior. Of 
this we have two sub-series. 
Sub-series 1. Apocarpe, in which the gyncecium is 
usually al tala or rarely of one 
carpel (simple). 
Sub-series 2. Syncarpxe, where the gyncecium is syn- 
carpous, or in some Palms apocarpous. 
Sub-class 2. Glimacex.—Leaves parallel-veined, permanent ; 
‘ 3 4 
flowers glumaceous, that is, having no proper 
perianth, but imbricate bracts instead. 
Division I. Gymnospermia, in which the ovules are naked or 
not enclosed in an ovary, and are fertilised directly 
by the action of the pollen. Endosperm formed 
before fertilisation. 
Sus-KinGpom II. Cryprocamia or FLOWERLESS PLANTS are 
those which have no proper flowers, that 
is, having no floral envelopes, stamens, or 
carpels, and which are reproduced by 
minute bodies termed spores, which have 
no embryo. This may be divided as fol- 
lows :— 
Division I. Cormophyta.—Plants with commonly roots, stems, 
and leaves, and with vascular tissue ; or the latter 
is imperfect or entirely absent. This may be 
divided thus :— 
Class 1. VascuLaRES or VascuLaR Cryprocams, or those 
containing evident vascular tissue. Of this we 
have two sub-classes as follows :— 
Sub-class 1. Isosporia, producing spores of one kind only, 
from which prothallia free from the spores 
are developed, and containing both antheridia 
and archegonia. 
Sub-class 2. Heterusporia, producing spores of two kinds, 
namely, megaspores or macrospores, and micro- 
spores. The megaspores develop a prothallium 
which «remains attached to the spores, and 
which produces archegonia (female prothal- 
lum); and the microspores form a smal] 
rudimentary prothallium also confluent with 
the spores, which produces only antherozoids 
(male prothallium). 
Class 2. Muscinr&, or CORMOPHYTAL CRYPTOGAMS without 
vascular tissue, or in which the latter is imperfect. 
