SCHIZANDRACEA. 435 
corticosum (see Cinnamodendron), a native of Jamaica.——Drimys grana- 
tensis possesses similar properties, 
Iilicium anisatum, Star-Anise.—The whole plant, particularly the fruit, 
has the flavour and odour of the European Anise plant (Pimpinella Anisum). 
Star-Anise fruit is used by the Chinese as an aromatic and carminative, and 
also asa spice. A large portion of the Oil of Anise of commerce is now de- 
rived from this fruit. This oil and the fruit from which it is obtained, are 
official in the British Pharmacopeeia ; it is regarded as a superior oil to that 
obtained in Europe from the fruit of Pimpinella Anisum, which is also 
official, and was formerly the sole botanical source of Oil of Anise. The 
species of I/icium which grows in Japan is regarded as distinct by Siebold, 
and named J. religiosum, but more generally it is included by botanists under 
I. anisatum. Husemann, Holmes, ‘and others, however, have recently given 
reasons for believing them distinct. The fruits of Z. religiosum are occa- 
sionally imported ; they have a faint aromatic odour and taste, which have 
been regarded as resembling bay leaves or camphor, but are entirely devoid 
of the characteristic anise taste and odour of the Chinese fruits. In Japan 
they are termed Skimi, shikmi, or shikimi fruits; and the recent observa- 
tions of Geerts and others have shown that they are poisonous, as well as 
the oil which is obtained by expression from the seeds. This oil is used in 
Japan as a cheap lighting material and for lubricating purposes. 
Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip-tree.—The bark possesses bitter and tonic 
properties. 
Magnolia.—M. glauca, Swamp Sassafras or Beaver Tree. The bark is 
tonic and aromatic, somewhat resembling that of Cinchona in its action. 
The unripe fruits of other species, as Magnolia Frazeri and M, acuminata, 
have similar properties. 
Michelia Champaca.—The flowers of this plant, which is a native of 
India, yield a fragrant oil. (See Cananga, p. 436.) 
Tusmannia aromatica.—The fruit is used in New Holland as a substitute 
for pepper. 
The plants of this order are also remarkable for the fragrance and beauty 
of their flowers and foliage ; hence they are favourite objects of culture in 
this country, either as hardy plants, ‘such as several Magnolias and the 
Tulip-tree ; or as stove and greenhouse plants, such as species of Iiliciwm. 
Order 5. SCHIZANDRACE®, the Schizandra Order.—C harac- 
ter.—Trailing shrubs. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, simple, often 
dotted. Flowers unisexual. Calyx and corolla with a ternary 
arrangement of their parts, hypogynous, imbricate. Barren 
flower :—Stamens numerous, monadelphous or distinct, hypo- 
gynous ; anthers 2-celled, extrorse, with a thickened connective. 
Fertile flower :—Carpeis numerous, 1-celled, distinct or united ; 
ovules 2, pendulous. Frwits numerous, collected into a cluster, 
baccate. Seeds with abundant homogeneous fleshy albumen ;’ 
embryo very minute. This order is made a tribe of Magnoliacex 
by Beutham and Hooker. 
Diagnosis.—Trailing shrubs, Leaves alternate, exstipulate, 
simple. Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals imbricate. 
Stamens numerous, hypogynous. Ovules pendulous ; embryo 
very minute, with abundant homogeneous albumen. 
Distribution and Numbers.—This small order only contains 
12 species. These species occur in India, Japan, and the 
southern parts of the United States. Illustrative Genera :—Schi- 
zandra, L. C. Rich.; Hortonia, Wight. 
FR2 
