450 CRUCIFER. 
The arrangement of Bentham and Hooker is essentially the 
same as’ the above. 
The sub-orders founded on the mode in which the embryo is 
folded are as follows :— 
Sub-order 1. Plewrorhizexr (O = ) (fig. 778). —Cotyledons 
accumbent, flat ; radicle lateral. Illustrative Genera :—Cheir- 
anthus, Linn. ; Arabis, Linn. 
Sub-order 2. Notorhizex ( © || ) (fig. 777).—Cotyledons in- 
cumbent, flat ; radicle dorsal. Illustrative Genera :—Hesperis, 
Linn. ; Isatis, Linn. 
Sub-order 3. Orthoploceer (OC > ) (fig. 897).—Cotyledons con- 
duplicate, longitudinally folded in the middle ; radicle dorsal, 
within the fold. Illustrative Genera :—Brassica, Linn. ; Raph- 
anus, Linn. 
Sub-order 4. Spirolobex (© || || ) (figs. 776 and 896).—Cotyle- 
dons twice folded, linear, incumbent. Illustrative Genus :— 
Bunias, Linn. There are no examples among British plants. 
Sub-order 5. Diplecolobex ( © || || || ).—Cotyledons thrice 
folded, linear, incumbent. Tllustrative Genera :—Senebiera, 
DC. ; Subularia, Linn. 
Distribution and Numbers.—The plants of this order chiefly 
inhabit temperate climates. A large number are also found in 
the frigid zone, and a few in tropical regions, chiefly on moun- 
tains. The order includes about 1,600 species. 
Properties and Uses.—This order is generally characterised 
by antiscorbutic and pungent properties, frequently combined 
with acridity ; it is one of the most natural in the Vegetable 
Kingdom, and does not contain a single poisonous plant. The 
seeds frequently contain a fixed oil. Many of our commonest 
culinary vegetables are derived from this order. 
Anastatica hierochuntina, Rose of Jericho.—This plant, which is found 
wild in the deserts of Egypt and Syria, is remarkable for its hygrometric 
properties. Thus, when it is full grown, and its branches have become dry 
and withered, it contracts and coils up, so as to assume the form of a ball, 
and in this state it is blown about by the winds from place to place; but 
if it be then exposed to moisture, it uncoils, and the branches expand again 
as if restored to life. ‘Some superstitious tales are told of it, among which, 
it is said to have first bloomed on Christmas Eve to salute the birth of the 
Redeemer, and paid homage to His resurrection by remaining expanded till 
Easter.’ In Palestine it is termed ‘ Kat Maryan,’ Mary’s Flower. 
Brassica.—This genus contains several species which are commonly 
cultivated as food for man and cattle.-—Brassica Rapa is the common 
Turnip ; and the Swedish Turnip is probably a hybrid between Brassica 
campestris and B. Rapa or B, Napus, but according to some it is derived from 
B. campestris —B. Napus yields Rape, Cole, or Colza seeds, from which may 
be expressed a large quantity of bland fixed oil, which is much employed 
for burning and other purposes. The cake left after the expression of the 
oil is also used as food for cattle, &c., under the name of Oil-cake. The 
seeds of B. chinensis yield Shanghai Oil.—B. oleracea, the Wild Cabbage, 
