TREMANDRACEA.—POLYGALACEZA, 459 
Flowers regular. Sepalsand petals 4 or 5, hypogynous, imbricate, 
deciduous. Stamens 5, hypogynous, alternate with the petals; 
anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior ; style single; stigmas equal in 
number to the placentas, which are 2 or more, and either axile 
or parietal ; ovules anatropous, horizontal or ascending. Frwit 
baccate, or aloculicidal capsule. Seeds numerous, with a minute 
embryo in copious fleshy albumen. 
Distribution and Numbers.—They are chietly Australian 
plants ; but are occasionally found in Africa and some other 
parts of the globe. None, however, occur in Europe or America. 
Lllustrative Genera :—Pittosporum, Soland. ; Cheiranthera, Cun- 
ningham. The order includes about 80 species. 
Properties and Uses.—These plants are chiefly remarkable 
for their resinous properties. Some have edible fruits, as cer- 
tain species of Billardiera. A feware cultivated in this country 
on account of their flowers, as Sollya, Billardiera, &c. 
Order 13. TREMANDRACE®, the Porewort Order.—C harac- 
ter.—Heath-like shrubs, with usually glandular hairs. Leaves 
exstipulate, alternate or whorled. Flowers axillary, solitary, 
pedicellate. Sepals 4 or 5, equal, slightly coherent, deciduous, 
and with a valvate zstivation. Petals corresponding in number 
to the sepals, deciduous, and with an involute estivation. Sta- 
mens distinct, hypogynous, 8-—10, 2 being placed before each 
petal ; anthers 2- or 4-celled, with porous dehiscence (fig. 537). 
Ovary 2-celled ; ovules 1—3 in each cell, pendulous ; style 1 or 2 ; 
stigmas 1—2. Fruit 2-celled, a capsule with loculicidal dehis- 
cence. Seeds pendulous, hooked at the chalazal end; embryo 
straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen; radicle next the hilum. 
Distribution and Numbers.—All are natives of New Holland. 
Illustrative Genera:—Tetratheca, Smith; Tremandra, fh. Br. 
The order includes about 16 species. 
Properties and Uses.-—Altogether unknown. 
Cohort 3. Polygalinex.—Gyncecium syncarpous ; ovary usually 
2-3-celled ; placentation generally axile, or very rarely parietal. 
Order1. PotyGaLace®, the Milkwort Order.—Character. 
—Shrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate (fig. 902) or opposite, 
exstipulate, and usually simple. -Pedicels bracteate. Flowers 
irregular, unsymmetrical (figs. 902 and 903), and arranged in a 
somewhat papilionaceous manner ; but here the wings are derived 
from the calyx, whereas in the Leguminosz they belong to the 
corolla. Sepals 5 (fig. 903, s), very irregular, usually distinct ; 
of which 3 are placed exterior, and of these 1 is posterior and 2 
anterior ; the 2 interior are lateral, usually petaloid (jig. 902), 
and form the wings to the flower. Petals hypogynous, usually 
3, more or less united, of which 1, forming the keel, is larger 
than the rest, and placed at the anterior part of the flower ; the 
keel is either naked, crested, or 3-lobed ; the other 2 petals 
