- i ae 
460 POLYGALACEA. 
are posterior, and alternate with the wings and posterior sepal 
of the calyx, and are often united to the keel ; sometimes 
there are five petals (fig. 903), and then the 2 additional ones, 
pr, pr, are of small size, and alternate with the wings and 
anterior sepals. Stamens hypogynous, 8 (figs. 903, e, and 907), 
usually combined into a tube, unequal, the tube split on the 
side next to the posterior sepal (fig. 907); anthers clavate, 
innate, usually 1-celled (fig. 907), rarely 2-celled, opening by a 
Fig. 902. Fie. 903. Fic. 904. Fie. 905. 
Fig. 902. A portion of the stem of the common 
Milkwort (Polygala vulga7is),with simple alter- 
nate exstipulate leaves, and irregular flowers. 
Fig. 903. Diagram of the flower of the 
same. s. Sepals. ps, ps, ps. Posterior and 
anterior large petals. p7, p7. Lateral petals. 
e. Stamens, c., Carpels.——Fig, 904. Gyncecium 
of the same. ov. Ovary. styl. Style. stig. 
Stigma, Fig. 905, Fruitwith one cell opened. 
per. Pericarp. gr.Seed. 7. Caruncula.— Fig. 
906. Section of seed. fe. Testa. a7. Caruncula. 
al. Albumen. pl, Embryo. Fig. 907. Androe- 
cium of the same, with one-celled anthers 
dehiscing at their apex, 
pore at their apex, or rarely by valves. Ovary (figs. 908, c, and 
904, ov) 2—38-celled, one cell being frequently abortive ; ovules 
solitary or twin, suspended ; style simple (fig. 904, styl), curved, 
sometimes hooded at the apex ; stigma simple (fig. 904, stig). 
Fruit (fig. 905) varying in its nature and texture, indehiscent or 
opening in a loculicidal manner, occasionally winged. Seeds 
pendulous (fig. 905, gr), smooth or hairy, witha caruncule next 
the hilum (jigs. 905, 7, and 906, ar) ; embryo straight or nearly 
