470 GUTTIFERZX OR CLUSIACEA., 
flavour. The seeds of some are oily, and other plants of the 
order are good timber-trees. 
Calophyllum.—C. Calaba is reputed to yield the resinous substance known 
as East Indian Tacamahaca. This is useful as an application to indolent 
ulcers.—C. Inophyllum and C. brasiliense also vield similar resins. From 
the seeds of C. Znophyllum an oil is likewise obtained by expression ; this is 
the Bitter Oil or Weandee of Indian commerce. It is in great repute 
throughout the East Indies and Polynesia as a liniment in rheumatism, 
pains in the joints, and bruises. The timber of the same plant is also 
applied to several useful purposes.—C. angustifolium, the Piney tree, fur- 
nishes valuable timber. : 
Calysaccion longifolium.—The dried flower-buds of this tree constitute, 
with those of Mesua ferrea, the Nag-kesar or Nag-kassar of the Indian 
bazaars. (See Mesua.) 
Clusia.— Clusia flava, C. alba, and C. rosea, yield a glutinous resinous 
matter, which is used in some parts of the West Indies in place of pitch, 
C. flava is called in Jamaica the Balsam-tree. In Nevis and St. Kitt’s the 
three species are known indifferently under the names of Fat Pork, Monkey 
Apple, and Mountain or Wild Mango. The flowers of C. insignis also yield 
a resinous substance in Brazil. 
Garcinia.—The official and well-known gum-resin Gamboge has been 
shown by Hanbury to be the produce of Garcinia Morella, var. pedicellata, 
now termed G. Hanburii ; it is official in the British Pharmacopeeia. Com- 
mercial Gamboge is obtained principally from Siam; it is the only kind 
used in Europe. Siam Gamboge occurs in two forms :—I1st, in the form of 
cylinders, which are either solid or more or less hollow, and commonly 
known as pipe or roll Gamboge; and, 2nd, in large cakes or amorphous 
masses, called dump or cake Gamboge. The pipe Gamboge is the finest kind. 
Gamboge is used in medicine as an active hydragogue and drastic purga- 
tive. It is also an anthelmintic. It was the basis of the once celebrated 
nostrum, termed Morrison's pills. In over-doses it acts as an acrid poison. 
Gamboge likewise forms a valuable water-colour, and hence is much used in 
painting; it is also employed to give a colour to the lacquer-varnish for 
brass-work, &e. In India, a gum-resin resembling Siam Gamboge, and 
identical with it in its properties, is obtained from G. pictoria. It is only 
found in irregular masses. Good Gamboge is also obtained in Travancore 
from G. travancorica. 
The Mangosteen, which is reputed to be the most delicious of all fruits, 
is obtained from G. Mangostana, a native of Malacca. This plant has 
produced fruit in stoves in this country. The rind is astringent, and has 
been substituted, as first noticed by the author, in this country, for Indian 
Bael (see 42gle Marmelos). It has been employed with great advantage in 
India inchronic diarrhoea, and in advanced stages of dysentery.— G. cornea, 
G. Kydiana, and G. pedunculata, also yield fruits of a similar character to 
the Mangosteen, although very inferior to it. The seeds of G. indica ( pur- 
purea), upon being boiled in water, yield a concrete oil, called Kokum 
Butter or Concrete Oil of Mangosteen. It is useful in chapped hands, &c., 
and might be employed in the preparation of suppositories, and for other 
pharmaceutical purposes. The fruit has an agreeable acid flavour, and is 
used in India for various purposes. 
Mammea americana.—The fruit is highly esteemed in the West Indies 
and South America. It is known under the names of the Mammee Apple 
and the Wild Apricot of South America. The seeds are anthelmintic. A 
spirit and a kind of wine may be also obtained from this plant—thus, from 
the flowers a kind of spirit, and from the sap a wine. 
Mesua.—The species of this genus are remarkable for their very hard 
timber. Lindley remarks, ‘that the root and bark of these plants are bitter, 
