474 DIPTERACEA. 
Properties and Uses.—Some of the trees are valuable for 
their timber, others yield edible nuts, and some an excellent 
oil. 
Caryocar.—C. butyrosum (Pekea tuberculosa or butyrosa).—This tree is 
much esteemed for its timber, which is used in shipbuilding and for other 
purposes. The separated portions of the fruit constitute the Souari, Surahwa, 
or Suwarrow-nuts of commerce, the kernels of which are probably the most 
agreeable of all the nut kind. They are occasionally imported into this 
country. An excellent edible oil may be also extracted from them.—C. 
nucifera also yields Souari-nvts. A concrete oil is obtained in Brazil, from 
C. brasiliense. 
Order 8. DipTERACE, the Sumatra Camphor Order.—C ha- 
racter.—Large trees with a resinous juice. Leaves alternate, 
involute, feather-veined, with large convolute deciduous stipules. 
Calyx 5-lobed, tubular, unequal, persistent, imbricate, ulti- 
mately enlarged into winglike expansions. Petals 5, hypogy- 
nous, often coherent at the base ; &xstivation twisted. Stamens 
numerous, hypogynous, distinct or united in an _ irregular 
manner by their filaments so as to become somewhat poly- 
adelphous; anthers innate, 2-celled, subulate, prolonged above 
or beaked. Ovary superior, 3-celled ; ovules pendulous ; style 
and stigma simple. fruit 1-celled, dehiscent or indehiscent, 
surrounded by the enlarged permanent calyx. Seed solitary, 
exalbuminous; radicle superior. 
Distribution and Numbers. — Natives exclusively of the 
forests of the tropical East Indies, with the exception of the 
genus Lophira, which belongs to tropical Africa. (The latter 
genus, by Endlicher and others, has been separated from the 
Dipteraceze, and placed in an order by itself under the name of 
Lophiraceze. The chief characters of distinction are, its 1-celled 
ovary with numerous ovules on a free central placenta, and its 
inferior radicle.) Illustrative Genera :—Dipterocarpus, Gértn. ; 
Dryobalanops, Gdirtn. There are about 50 species belonging to 
this order. 
Properties and Uses.—These plants form very large and hand- 
some trees, which abound in an oleo-resinous juice. To the 
presence of this they owe their peculiar properties. 
Dipterocarpus.—The trunks of D. levis, and other species, natives of the 
East Indies, yield by incision an oleo-resinous substance, called Wood Oil 
or Gurjun Balsam. In its properties Wood Oil resembles Copaiba, and is 
largely employed for similar purposes in India, where it is official; it is 
also in use in England as a substitute for, or as an adulterant of, that drug. 
Wood Oil is also used in India for painting houses, &c. 
Dryobalanops aromatica or Camphora.—This is a large tree, a native of 
Sumatra and Borneo. From its stem, a liquid called Liquid Camphor or 
Camphor Oil, and a crystalline solid substance named Sumatra or Borneo 
Camphor, are derived. The Liquid Camphor is obtained by making deep 
incisions into the tree. It is a hydrocarbon, and has an odour resembling 
a mixture of Cajuput oil, camphor, and cardamoms. It has been used in 
the preparation of scented soap. The Solid Sumatra Camphor is found in 
fissures and cavities in the interior of the trunks of the full-grown trees, and 
