CHLHNACEX.—MALVACEA. 475 
can only be extracted from the tree by cutting it down and dividing it into 
pieces. It generally occurs only in small pieces, but occasionally masses 
weighing 10 or 12 lbs. have been removed. This camphor resembles in its 
properties the ordinary official or Laurel Camphor (see Cinnamomum Cam- 
phora). It is not, however, a commercial article in this country, or in 
Europe, because it is so highly esteemed by the Chinese, that they will give 
from eighty to a hundred times more money for it than that which they 
obtain for their own camphor, which is the kind we employ, and which is 
more valued by us. Thus the first quality is valued at about 102. a pound. 
It is sometimes termed Barus Camphor. \ It is regarded as especially 
valuable for embalming the dead. 
Hopea odorata —This plant yields a fragrant resin, which, when pow- 
dered, is a popular styptic amongst the Burmese. 
Shorea robusta is a valuable timber-tree ; it is a native of India, and its 
wood is there extensively used under the name of Sd/. A colourless, yellow- 
ish or brownish resin, called Dammar in Bengal, is also obtained from this 
plant. It forms a substitute for the ordinary resins of the Coniferz in the 
making of plasters. 
Vateria indica.—This plant yields an oleo-resinous substance which is 
known in India under the name of White Dammar or Piney Resin. It is 
used as a varnish, and for making candles. The substance called Piney 
Tallow, or Vegetable Butter of Canara, is a concrete oil obtained from 
the fruits of this plant. It has been employed in India as a local appli- 
cation in rheumatism, &c., and some has been lately imported into this 
country. 
Vatica Tumbugaia is said to yield a portion of the Black Dammar of 
India. (See Canarium.) 
Order 9. CHLHNACEH, the Sarcolena Order.—Character. 
—Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, alternate, with large deciduous 
convolute stipules. Flowers regular, unsymmetrical, furnished 
with an involucre : the imwvolucre surrounding 1—2 flowers, and 
persistent. Sepals 3, imbricate. Petals 5, convolute, sometimes 
united at the base. Stamens generally very numerous, rarely 
but 10, monadelphous ; anthers roundish, 2-celled. Ovary 3- 
celled ; style 1; stigma trifid. Frwit capsular, 3-celled or rarely 
1-celled ; plucentasaxile. Seeds solitary or numerous, suspended ; 
embryo in the axis of fleshy albumen ; cotyledons leafy ; radicle 
superior. 
Diagnosis.—Readily distinguished among the Thalamiflora: 
by their alternate simple stipulate leaves; and involucrate 
flowers, which are regular and unsymmetrical. The calyx is 
also imbricate, the stamens monadelphous, and the seed has 
abundant albumen. 
Distribution and Numbers.—There are but 8 species included 
in this order, all of which are natives of Madagascar.  Illustia- 
tive Genus :—Sarcolena, Thouars. 
Properties and Uses.—Altogether unknown. 
Cohort 6. Malvales.—Calyx with valvate estivation. Stamens 
usually numerous. Placentation axile or sutural. 
Order 1. Matvacem, the Mallow Order.—Character.— 
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, often downy, more or 
