484 TILIACEA. 
Tribe 1. Tiliex.—Corolla with entire petals, or wanting ; anthers 
dehiscing longitudinally. Illustrative Genera :—Corchorus, 
Linn.; Tilia, Linn. 
Tribe 2. Elxocarpex.—Petals divided, anthers opening by pores 
at the apex. Illustrative Genera :—Eleocarpus, Linn. ; 
Vallea, Mut. 
Distribution and Numbers.—A few are found in the northern 
parts of the world, where they form large trees ; but the plants 
of this order are chiefly tropical, and are there found as herbs, 
shrubs, or trees. There are about 350 species. 
Properties and Uses.—In their properties the Tiliacez re- 
semble the Malvaceze. They are altogether innocuous, and are 
generally mucilaginous, emollient, and demulcent. Many of 
them also yield fibres, which are much used for manufacturing 
purposes. Some are valuable timber-trees, and some have 
edible fruits. 
Aristotelia— A. Maqui has an edible fruit, and from it a kind of wine 
is also made in Chili, which is given in fevers of a malignant type. The 
fibres of the bark and the wood have been used in the manufacture of 
musical instruments. In New Zealand the fruits of A. racemosa, the Mako 
Mako, are also eaten. 
Corchorus.—The fibres obtained from the bark of Corchorus capsularis, 
the Jute Plant, are commonly known under the name of Jute or Jute-hemp. 
This fibre is very valuable and is now imported in enormous quantities into 
this country, where it is used chiefly in the manufacture of coarse bags, 
and as a foundation for inferior carpets, &c. It is also frequently mixed 
with silk in the manufacture of cheap satin fabrics, and is likewise 
employed as a substitute for hair, and in the manufacture of chignons, &c. 
It does not appear to be well adapted for sailcloth or cordage, because it 
will not bear exposure to wet. The imports in 1875 were over 500,000,000 
lbs., the value of which was 2,362,2261., of which only about 80,000,000 lbs. 
were exported. In India it is used chiefly for the purpose of making the 
coarse canvas called Gunny, which is the material employed there for the 
bags, &c., in use for packing raw produce.—Corchorus olitorius, commonly 
called Jew’s Mallow, is used in some parts of the world as a pot-herb ; it is 
also one of the sources of Jute. In Panama, the leaves of C. mompozensis 
are infused in boiling water, and the infusion is then taken as a substitute 
for tea. 
Elzxocarpus.— E. ( Ganitrus) serratus—The fruits are commonly known 
under the name of Molucca Berries. When the fruit is divested of its pulp, 
the endocarp, which is hard and bony, and beautifully furrowed, is used for 
making necklaces. These are frequently brought as presents from India, 
and are also to be purchased in this country. The fruits of some species of 
Elzocarpus are eaten, while others are used in the preparation of Indian 
curries. The bark of #. Hinau (dentatus) affords an excellent dye, varying 
in colour from brown to puce or nearly black. 1t is employed in New 
Zealand for dyeing the garments of the natives. It is also useful as a 
tanning agent. 
Grewia.— G. sapida, G. asiatica, and other species, have. pleasant acid 
fruits, and are used in the East for making Sherbet.—@G. elastica affords 
valuable timber.— G. polygama is regarded in Queensland as a very valuable 
remedy in dysentery. The seeds are also employed in the preparation of a 
sub-acid drink. 
