ANALYSIS OF THE ORDERS IN THALAMIFLORA, 486 
Luhea grandiflora—tThe bark is astringent, and is employed in Brazil 
for tanning leather. The wood of other species is used for various purposes 
in Brazil, as for making soles to boots, musket-stocks, &c. 
Tilia europea, Common Lime or Linden Tree.—The inner bark is em- 
ployed’ in the northern parts of Europe, more particularly in Russia, in the 
manufacture of mats, which are commonly known as Russian, Bast, or Bass 
mats. This Bast is one of the substances employed by gardeners for tying up 
plants. ‘The flowers are very fragrant when fresh, and an infusion of them 
is much used on the Continent for its expectorant and antispasmodic pro- 
perties. The wood of this and other species of Yilia is very white and 
smooth, and is employed for various purposes, as for carving, wainscoting, &c. 
Triumfetta.—Several species of this genus have astringent and mucila- 
ginous leaves and fruits, and are employed in Brazil for making injections, 
which are reputed to be useful in gonorrhea. 
Vallea cordifolia.—The leaves are used for the purpose of dyeing yellow. 
Artificial Analysis of the Orders in the Sub-class 
Polypetale. 
Series 1. THALAMIFLORZ®. 
1. FLoweErs with more than 20 stamens. 
A. Leaves without stipules. 
a. Carpels more or less distinct (at least as to the styles), or solitary. 
1. Stamens distinct. 
Carpels immersed in a fleshy tabular 
thalamus . ; : ; : . Nelumbiacex. 
Carpels not immersed in a thalamus. 
Embryo in a vitellus . : : . Cabombacezx. 
Embryo naked, very minute. 
Seeds arillate . : : - . Dilleniacex, 
Seeds exarillate. Albumen fleshy 
and homogeneous. 
Flowers hermaphrodite . . Ranunculaceex. 
Flowers unisexual . d . Schizandracex. 
Seeds usually exarillate. Albumen 
ruminate . : : . Aznonaceex. 
2. Stamens united in one or more parcels. 
Calyx much imbricate. 
Seeds smooth . : ; - . Hypericacer. 
Seeds shaggy . : - : . Reaumuriacer. 
b. Carpels wholly combined (at least as to the ovaries), with more than 
one placenta ; or with a free central placenta. 
Placentas parietal, in distinct lines. 
Anthers versatile. Juice watery . . Capparidacee. 
Anthers innate. Juice milky. . Papaveraceer. 
Placentas parietal, spread over the lining 
of the fruit . : . : . Bixacex. 
Placentas covering the dissepiments . Nympheaceex. 
Placentas in the axis. " 
Stigma large, broad, and petaloid . NSarraceniaceer. 
Stigma simple. Calyx much imbricate. 
Leaves compound. : ; . Rhizobolacex. 
