496 VIVIANIACEXZ.—TROP ZOLACEA. 
succulent and indehiscent. Seeds solitary or numerous, sus- 
pended, exalbuminous ; embryo straight. 
Diagnosis.—Succulent herbaceous plants, 
Fre. 931. with simple exstipulate leaves. Stems con- 
tinuous and not separable at the nodes. 
Flowers hypogynous, very irregular. Sepals 
3—5; petals usually 4; both irregular and 
deciduous ; xstivation of sepals imbricate, 
that of the petals convolute. Stamens 5. 
Ovary 5-celled ; style simple. Fruit 5-celled, 
usually bursting with elasticity, without a 
beak. Seeds suspended, exalbuminous. This 
order is by some botanists, as Bentham and 
Hooker, included in Geraniacee. 
Distribution and Numbers.—A few are 
Fig. 991. ‘Gaal’ of scattered over the globe ; but they are chiefly 
Touch-me-not (Im- natives of the Indies, growing generally in 
Pe es ae shady places and where the tempera- 
he he ale ture is moderate. Illustrative Genus :—Im- 
patiens, Linn. There are about 110 species. 
Properties and Uses.—They are said by De Candolle to be 
diuretic, but their properties are generally unimportant. 
Order 7. VIVIANIACEH, the Viviania Order.— Diagnosis. 
—These plants are readily known among the Disciflorz by their 
exstipulate leaves, regular flowers, valvate 10-ribbed calyx, per- 
manent withering twisted petals, 10 hypogynous stamens with 
distinct filaments, 2-celled anthers with longitudinal dehiscence, 
superior 3-celled ovary, 3-celled capsule with loculicidal dehis- 
cence and albuminous seeds with a curved embryo and radicle 
next the hilum. This order is included by Bentham and Hooker 
in Geraniacer. 
Distribution and Numbers.—They inhabit Chili and South 
Brazil. Illustrative Genera.:—Cesarea, Cambess.; Viviania, 
Willd. There are 15 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Unimportant. 
Order 8. TRopPHOLACE®, the Indian Cress Order.—C harac- 
t er.—Smooth twining or trailing herbaceous plants, with an acrid 
juice. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flowers irregular. Sepals 
3—d (fig. 800), the upper one spurred ; valvate or very slightly 
imbricate in estivation. Petals (fig. 800) 3—5, hypogynous, 
more or less unequal; xstivation convolute. Stamens ( fig. 800) 
6—10, somewhat perigynous, distinct ; anthers 2-celled. Disk 
none. Ovary of 3 (fig. 800) or 5 carpels, each of which contains 
one pendulous ovule; style 1; stigmas3 or5. Fruit indehiscent, 
, .usually consisting of 3 carpels arranged round a common axis, 
from which they ultimately separate, each carpel containing one 
seed. Seed large, exalbuminous; embryo large ; radicle next the 
