RUTACE. 499 
dotted. Flowers perfect (figs. 579 and 935) or polygamous, 
regular. Calyx having 3—5 segments (jig. 935), imbricate. 
Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx (jigs. 611 
and 935) or wanting, rarely combined so as to form a mono- 
petalous corolla; exstivation usually twisted, rarely valvate. 
Stamens distinct (figs. 579 and 611), or more or less united into 
one or several bundles (fig. 935), equal in number to or twice 
(figs. 579 and 611) as many as the petals, or some multiple of 
them, or rarely fewer by abortion. Disk annular or cup-shaped, 
glandular, hypogynous (figs. 597 and 987). Ovary sessile (fig. 
611), or raised on a gynophore (figs. 608, g, and 624, gq) ; it is 
composed of from 2 to 5 carpels, which are either distinct, or 
united so as to form a compound ovary having as many cells as 
there are component carpels; style simple (fig. 936) or divided 
Fic. 935. Fic. 936. Fie. 937. Fre. 938. 
Fig. 935. Diagram of the flower of the Orange (Citrus Aurantium). 
Fig. 936. Vertical section of the pistil, showing a portion of the disk at 
its base, and a solitary hypogynous stamen.— Fig. 937. Pistil of the 
Orange, with disk atits base, and the calyx: the petalsand stamens have 
been removed. Fig. 938. Vertical section of the seed of the Common 
Rue (Ruta graveolens). 
towards the base ( fig. 608) ; ovules 2, 4, or rarely more, in each 
cell. Frwit capsular, its carpels either united or more or less 
distinct, or succulent and indehiscent, and in Awrantiex forming 
an hesperidium (jig. 715). Seeds solitary or in pairs; albumen 
present or absent ; radicle superior (fig. 938). 
Diagnosis.—Leaves exstipulate, dotted. Flowers perfect 
or polygamous. Calyx and corolla with a ternary, quaternary, 
or quinary distribution of their parts ; the former with an im- 
bricate zstivation, the latter twisted or valvate, and sometimes 
wanting. Stamens equal in number, or twice as many as the 
petals, or somé multiple of them, or fewer. Ovary of from 2—5 
carpels, separate or combined, either sessile and surrounded at 
the base by a fleshy and glandular disk, or elevated upon a 
gynophore ; ovules sessile. Fruit capsular or succulent. Em- 
bryo with a superior radicle. Albumen present or absent. 
K K 2 
