502 RUTACEA. 
The juice contains a large quantity of citric acid. Candied Lemon-peel is em- 
ployed in confectionery, and as a dessert. The concentrated juice of Lemons, 
as well as that of the Lime, is imported in enormous quantities, and used in 
the preparation of the official citric acid. The rind containsa large quantity 
of essential oil, which is generally obtained from it by expression by what 
is termed the sponge or écuelle process, or sometimes by distillation; it is 
commonly known as Essential Oil or Essence of Lemon. The best is ob- 
tained by the first process, and it is distinguished as Essence de Citron au 
zeste, the latter being termed Lssence de Citron distillée. This oil is princi- 
pally used as a flavouring agent in confectionery, and in medicine, and also 
in perfumery.—Citrus Limetta, DC., or C. Bergamia, Risso et Poit., is the 
source of the Lime fruit. This is sometimes imported into this country in a 
preserved state, and in that condition it forms a most agreeable dessert. Its 
juice is also imported and largely employed with that of Lemons in the 
preparation of citric acid, 2s already noticed. Both the fruit of C. Limonum 
and C. Bergamia are official in the British Pharmacopeeia as the source of 
citric acid, and the fruit of the Lemon-tree is also official for its rind and 
juice. The Bergamot Orange is obtained from C, Bergamia var. vulgaris 
of Risso. From the full-grown, but still unripe and greenish fruits of this 
variety, either by expression or distillation, the essential oil, called Oil or 
Essence of Bergamot, which is largely used in perfumery, is obtained.— 
Citrus Medica.—The fruit of this is the Citron, or the Cedrat of the French. 
This is supposed to be the Hebrew Tappuach, which is translated in our 
version of the Old Testament as Apple-tree and Apples. The rind of this 
fruit is commonly imported into this country in a preserved state, and is 
used in confectionery. Its pulp is less acid and juicy than the Lemon, but 
it may be employed, as well as that of the Lime, for similar purposes. 
Essence or Essential Oil of Cédrat is obtained from the nearly ripe fruit by 
the sponge or écuelle process. It is chiefly used in perfumery. ‘The Citron, 
Lime, and Lemon are distinguished from Oranges by having a more closely 
adherent rind, by their more lengthened form, and by the possession of a 
more or less prominent protuberance at their apex. Besides the above 
fruits obtained from the genus Citrus, we have also the Shaddock, from 
C. decumana; and the Kumquat of China, from C japonica. The For- 
bidden Fruit and the Pompelmoose also, both of which, as sold in the 
London markets, are varieties of the Shaddock,—the former being the 
smallest fruits, and the latter those of the largest size. 
Cookia punctata.—This plant produces the Wampee-fruit, which is much 
esteemed in the islands of the Indian Archipelago, and in China. 
Correa alba, and other species.—The leaves are sometimes employed as a 
substitute for tea in Australia. 
Dictamnus Frazxinella, False Dittany.—The root was formerly much 
used in medicine, and reputed to possess aromatic tonic, diuretic, anti- 
spasmodic, and emmenagogue properties, but it is now rarely if ever 
employed. The plant contains such a large amount of volatile oil as to 
render, it is said, the atmosphere around it inflammable in hot weather ; = 
we have, however, never found this to be the case. 
Esenbeckia febrifuga, a native of South America, has a febrifugal bark, 
which is used in Brazil as a substitute for Peruvian Bark. As stated by 
Maisch, it is sometimes substituted for the official Angustura Bark in the 
United States, and has also been met with in France. 
Evodia glauca—The bark is extensively used by the Japanese, both 
medicinally and for dyeing purposes. 
Feronia elephantum.—This is a large tree, a native of India. A kind of 
gum exudes from its stem which closely resembles Gum Arabic. The 
young leaves have an Anise-like odour, and are used by the native practi- 
tioners of India for their stomachic and carminative effects. The unripe 
fruit is said to resemble that of Indian Bael in its properties, and has been 
