536 LEGUMINOS#Z-—CASALPINIEA. 
gent, and are employed in dysentery, &c. Other species of Bauhinia are 
used in Brazil for their mucilaginous properties. 
Cxsalpinia.—The twisted legumes of C. coriaria are powerfully astrin- 
gent ; they are extensively used in tanning under the name of Divi-divi 
or Libi-dibi. The legumes of C. Papai are employed for a similar purpose, 
but they are very inferior to them; they are called Pipi. The powdered 
legumes of C. coriaria have been used with some success in India as an as- 
tringent and antiperiodic.—C. Sappan furnishes the Sappan, Bookum, or 
Bukkum-wood of India. It is used for dyeing red. The roots of the same 
tree, under the names of Yellow-wood and Sappan-root, are sometimes im- 
ported from Singapore, and employed for dyeing yellow. Sappan wood is 
also a useful astringent, somewhat resembling Logwood in its eftects.—C. 
echinata furnishes Nicaragua, Lima, or Peach-wood, which is very exten- 
‘sively used in dyeing red and peach-colours.—C. crista is the plant from 
which Brazil-wood is obtained. It is employed for dyeing yellow, rose- 
colour, and red.—C. brasiliensis furnishes another dyewood, called Braziletto- 
wood, which produces fine red and orange colours. The exact species fur- 
nishing the above three dyewoods cannot, however, be said to have been 
altogether ascertained. 
Cassia.—The species of this genus are frequently characterised by purga- 
tive properties. ‘The leaflets of several species furnish the different varieties 
of Senna. The kind, known commonly as Alerandrian Senna, is obtained 
from C. acutifolia of Delile. This variety is that which is generally most 
esteemed in this country ; but it was formerly much adulterated with the 
leaves, fruits, &c., of other plants. The Common East Indian, Arabian, 
Mocha, or Bi mbay Senna is derived from C. angustifolia, Vahl. Tinnivelly 
Senna is furnished by the same plant cultivated in Southern India. The 
above three varieties are those generally used in England; but the Alex- 
andrian and Tinnivelly kinds are alone official in the British Pharmacopeeia. 
The Italian and Jamaica kinds of Senna are both derived from C. obovata. 
American Senna, which was formerly official in the United States Pharma 
copeia, is obtained from C. marilandica.—Cassia Fistula.—The fruit, which 
is divided into a number of cells by spurious dissepiments, contains a blackish- 
brown viscid pulp with a sweetish taste, which possesses laxative and purga- 
tive properties. This pulp is official in the British Pharmacopeia. The 
root is also said to be purgative.—C. brasiliana (C. grandis) has a larger, 
longer, and rougher fruit, which also possesses purgative properties. It 
is commonly used in veterinary medicine, and is known as Horse Cassia. 
The fruit of C. moschata is the Small American Cassia of the French 
pharmaciens. It is occasionally imported. The pulp has similar properties 
to the two former, but is more astringent. The bark of C. auriculata is 
said by Roxburgh to be employed for tanning and dyeing leather. It has 
also been used instead of oak bark in the preparation of astringent gargles, 
&ec. The seeds are also regarded. as a valuable local application in certain 
forms of ophthalmia. The flowers are also used for dyeing yellow. The 
powdered seeds of C. absus, under the name of Chichm, are used in Egypt as 
a remedy in ophthalmia. They are also employed for a similar purpose in 
India. ‘The leaves of. C. alata are held in great esteem in the East Indies 
and elsewhere as a local application in skin diseases; and the leaves of 
C. Sophora, C. occidentalis, and C. Tora are said to possess similar pro- 
perties. 
Ceratonia Siliqua.—The ripe fruit is known under the names of Carob, 
Locust, and St. John’s Bread. Its pulp has a very sweet taste, and is sup- 
posed to have been the food of St.John in the wilderness. The Carob Bean 
contains about 63 per cent. of sugar when in a dried state, and upwards of 
20 per cent. of other respiratory and fat-producing principles, and about 1 
per cent. of oil. Hence it is especially adapted for fattening purposes, and 
is now largely imported into this country as a food for cattle. It is said 
