ESCALLONIACE#. PHILA DELPH ACE. — HYDRANGEACE®, 547 
Order 6. EscALLONIACE®, the Escallonia Order.— Character. 
—Evergreen shrubs, with alternate exstipulate glandular leaves 
and axillary showy flowers. Calyx superior, 5-toothed, imbricate 
in estivation. Petals 5, alternate with the divisions of the calyx, 
perigynous, or rarely hypogynous. Stamens 5, alternate with 
the petals, perigynous, or rarely hypogynous. Ovary inferior, 
2—5-celled, crowned by acone-shaped disk ; placentas axile ; style 
simple ; stigmas 2—5-lobed. Fruit capsular or baccate, crowned 
by the persistent style and calyx. Seeds very numerous, minute ; 
embryo small, in a mass of oily albumen. 
Distribution and Numbers.—They are chiefly natives of the 
mountains of South America. Illustrative Genera :——Escallonia, 
Mutis ; Itea, Linn.; Brexia, Thouars. There are above 66 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Unknown. 
Brexia.—This genus has been made the type of a distinct 
order, named Brexiacez ; but Bentham and Hooker place it 
near the genus Escallonia. 
Order 7. PHILADELPHACE®, the Syringa Order.—Charac- 
ter.—Shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple, deciduous, exstipulate. 
Calyx superior, persistent, 4—10-lobed, with a valvate cestiva- 
tion. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx, 
and alternate with them. Stamens numerous, epigynous. 
Ovary inferior ; styles united or distinct; stigmas several. Cap- 
sule half-inferior, 4—10-celled, placentas axile. Seeds nume- 
rous, with fleshy albumen. 
Distribution and Numbers.— Natives of the South of Europe, 
North America, Japan, and India. TIlustrative Genera :-—Phila- 
delphus, Linn. ; Deutzia, Thunb. There are about 25 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Of little importance. 
Deutzia.—The leaves of some species of Deutzia, especially those of D. 
scabra, are covered with beautiful scales ; hence, from their roughness, they 
are used in Japan for polishing purposes. D. gracilis, a greenhouse plant, 
is extensively grown for our flower markets. 
Philadelphus coronarius is commonly cultivated in our shrubberies. It 
is a native of the South of Europe. It is generally known as the Syringa, 
or Mock Orange, from its flowers somewhat resembling those of the Orange 
in appearance and odour. This odour is due to the presence of a volatile oil, 
which may be readily obtained from them by. distillation with water. The 
leaves have a flavour and odour resembling the Cucumber. 
Order 8. HyDRANGEACE®, the Hydrangea Order.— Diagnosis. 
—This order is frequently regarded as a sub-order of Saxifra- 
gaceze, with which it agrees in many important particulars ; 
but it differs in its plants being of a shrubby nature; in their 
having opposite leaves, which are always exstipulate; in their 
valvate calyx ; in their tendency to a polygamous structure, as 
exhibited in the possession of radiant staminal flowers; and in 
having frequently more than 2 carpels, with a corresponding 
increase in the number of styles and cells to the ovary. 
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