; a’ 
502 HALORAGACEA.— CALLITRICHACEH.—-RHIZOPHORACEA. 
Hope, except one Madagascar species. Illustrative Genera :— 
Brunia, Linn. ; Ophiria, Linn. There are about 60 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Unknown. 
Order 16. Hatoracace®, the Mare’s-tail Order.—Diagnosis. 
—Herbs or shrubs, generally aquatic. Flowers small (fig. 412), 
frequently incomplete and unisexual. They are nearly allied to 
Onagracee, and, in fact, are merely a degeneration or imperfect 
form of that order. They are known from it by their minute 
calyx, the limb of which is frequently obsolete ; and by having 
solitary pendulous seeds, which have fleshy albumen. 
— Distribution and Numbers.—They are found in all parts of 
the world. Illustrative Genera :—Hippuris, Linn. ; Trapa, 
Linn. There are about 70 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Of little importance except for their 
edible seeds. 
Trapa.—This is a genus of floating aquatic plants, remarkable for their 
horned fruit and large amygdaloid seeds with unequal cotyledons. The 
seeds are edible ; those of Trapa natans are called Chataigne d’Eau by the 
French, and Jesuit’s Nuts at Venice. In some parts of Southern Europe 
they are ground, and made into a kind of bread.—T. bicornis is called ling 
by the Chinese, and its seeds are highly esteemed by them.—T. bispinosa is 
the Singhara Nut ; its seeds are largely consumed in Cashmere and scme 
other parts of India. 
Order 17. CALLITRICHACE, the Starwort Order.—Charac- 
ter.—Small aquatic herbs. Leaves opposite, entire, simple. 
Flowers minute, axillary, solitary, unisexual, achlamydeous. 
Male flower of 1—2 stamens ; anthers reniform. Female flower 
with a 4-cornered, 4-celled ovary, with 1 pendulous ovule in 
each cell. Frwit indehiscent, 4-celled. Seeds 4, pendulous, with 
fleshy albumen; embryo inverted, with a very long superior 
radicle. 
Distribution.—Natives of freshwater pools in Europe and 
North America. Callitriche is the only genus; this includes 
several varieties or species. 
Properties and Uses.—Unknown. 
Cohort 2. Myrtales.—Gynoecium syncarpous, usually with an 
undivided style ; ovary inferior, or included within the 
calyx-tube ; placentation generally axile. Seeds exalbu- 
minous. Leaves nearly always simple. 
Order 1. Ru1zoPpHORACE®, the Mangrove Order.—C harac- 
ter.—Trees (fig. 255) or shrubs. Leaves simple, opposite, dotless 
or rarely dotted, with deciduous interpetiolar stipules. Calyx 
superior, 4—12-lobed, with a valvate sstivation, the lobes 
sometimes united so as to forma calyptra. Petals arising from 
the calyx, alternate with its lobes and equal to themin number, 
Stamens on the calyx, twice or thrice as many as its lobes, or 
R & 
Ter 
