PASSIFLORACEX.— MALESHERBIACEX. 563 
3-valved, partially dehiscing in a loculicidal manner. Seeds 
with a caruncule on one side, and a slightly curved embryo in 
the midst of fleshy albumen. 
Distribution and Numbers.—Natives exclusively of South 
America and the West Indies. Illustrative Genera :—Turnera, 
Plum. ; Piriqueta, Aubl. There are about 60 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Some are said to be astringent, others 
tonic and expectorant, and a few aromatic. 
Turnera.—The drug known in the United States under the name of 
‘Damiana’ is principally derived, according to Holmes, from a species of 
Turnera, and probably T. microphylla. The source of another variety of 
Damiana, used in America, is, however, said to be Aplopappus discoideus, 
DC., a plant of the order Composite. (See Aplopappus.) Damiana is a 
nervine tonic, and is reputed to bea powerful aphrodisiac, but on no sufficient 
authority. 
Order 5. PAssIFLORACE®, the Passion-flower Order.—C ha- 
racter.—Herbs or shrubs, usually climbing by tendrils (jig. 
213), or rarely trees. Leaves alternate, with foliaceous or rarely 
minute stipules. Flowers perfect or very rarely unisexual. 
Sepals 5, united below into a tube, the throat of which bears a 
number of filamentous processes, and thus forming a kind of 
corona ; petals 5, inserted into the throat of the calyx on the 
outside of the filamentous processes, with an imbricate eestiva- 
tion ; sometimes wanting. Stamens usually 5, monadelphous or 
rarely numerous, attached to, and raised above the calyx by, 
the stalk of the ovary. Ovary stalked, superior, 1-celled; 
styles 3, clavate; placentas parietal. Frit 1-celled, stalked, 
generally succulent. Seeds numerous, arillate; embryo in thin 
fleshy albumen. 
Distribution and Nuwmbers.—They are chiefly found in tropical 
America, but a few also occur in North America and the East 
Indies, and several in Africa. Illustrative Genera :—Passiflora, 
Juss. ; Tacsonia, Juss. There are about 214 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Several have edible fruits, and others 
are said to be bitter and astringent, narcotic, emmenagogue, or 
diaphoretic. 
Paropsis edulis has an edible fruit. It is a native of Madagascar. 
Passiflora.—The fruits of several species of this genus are eaten under 
the name of Granadillas. The root of P. quadranqularis is said to be nar- 
cotic. The flowers of P. rubra are also narcotic. Other species are reputed 
to be anthelmintic; emmenagogue, expectorant, emetic, carminative, &c. 
Tacsonia.—The pulpy fruits of T. speciosa, T. mollissima, T. tripartita, 
and others, are edible. 
Order 6. MALESHERBIACES, the Crownwort Order.—Diag- 
nosis.—This is a small order of herbaceous or somewhat shrubby 
plants, resembling Passifloracese, in which it is included by Ben- 
tham and Hooker, but differing in never being climbers; in the 
want of stipules; in the filamentous processes of the flowers of 
that order being reduced to a short membranous ring or coronet 
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