a 
GARRYACEX.—ALANGIACEA. 079 
Diagnosis.—Trees, shrubs, or rarely herbs, with simple ex- 
stipulate, and (with but one exception) opposite leaves. Flowers 
perfect, or sometimes unisexual. Calyx superior, 4-lobed. Co- 
rolla with 4 petals, and a valvate estivation. Stamens 4, alternate 
with the petals. Ovary inferior, surmounted by a disk, usually 
2-celled, with a single pendulous anatropous ovule in each cell; 
style and stigma simple. Fruit a ale Embryo in the 
axis of fleshy | albumen. 
Distribution and Numbers.—Ni mies of the temperate parts 
of Europe, Asia, and America. Illustrative Genera :—Cornus, 
LInnn.; Aucuba, Thunb. There are above 70 species. 
Properties and Uses.—The plants of this order are chiefly 
remarkable for tonic, febrifugal, and astringent properties. 
Cornus.—The bark of the root of C. florida is official in the United States 
Pharmacopeeia, and is used as a substitute for Peruvian bark in the treat- 
ment of intermittent and remittent fevers. It is there commonly known 
under the name of Dogwood Bark. 'The barks of C. circinata and C. sericea 
are also official in the United States Pharmacopeeia, and have similar pro- 
perties to the former. The fruit of C. mascula, the Cornelian Cherry, is 
astringent, a property also possessed by the leaves and flowers. The fruit, 
called “Krania, i is much esteemed by the Turks on account of its ag rreeable 
acid flavour. They use the juice in their sherbets and for other purposes. 
The fruits of C. swecica are used by the Esquimaux for food ; and in the 
Highlands of Scotland they are reputed to possess tonic properties, the plant 
yielding them being there termed /us-a-chrasis, or plant of gluttony, in allu- 
sion to the supposed effect of the fruitsin increasing the appetite. The seeds 
of C. sanguinea, the common Dogwood of our hedges, yield a fixed oil, which 
has been used for burning in lamps. Charcoal for the manufacture of gun- 
powder is also prepared from the wood. The fresh twigs of C. florida or 
other species are much used in the United States and in the West Indies to 
rub on the teeth for the purpose of whitening them. 
Order 4. GARRYACEX, the Garrya Order —Character.— 
Evergreen shrubs. Leaves opposite, exstipulate. lowers uni- 
sexual, apetalous, amentaceous. Male flower with 4 sepals, and 
stamens alternating with them. Female flower with a superior 
2-toothed calyx, and 1—38-celled ovary with 2 styles, and 2 
pendulous stalked ovules. Frwit indehiscent, baccate, 2-seeded. 
Seeds with a very minute embryo in abundant albumen. by 
Bentham and Hooker this order is included in Cornacex. 
Distribution and Numbers.—Natives of the temperate parts 
of North America, or of the West Indies. Illustrative Genera :-— 
Garrya, Dougl. ; Fadgenia, Endl. These are the only genera ; 
they include 6 species. 
Properties and Uses.—But little is known of the properties 
of these plants; but Garrya Fremontii, a native of California, 
is known as the Quinine Bush from its leaves being used in 
fevers and ague. 
Order 5. ALANGIACES, the Alangium Order.—Character.— 
Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, exstipulate, without 
Ries 
