588 RU BIACEA. 
elevation ; and the seeds are larger and of a finer flavour. It affords the 
kind of coffee known as Liberian or Monrovian. 
Coprosma.—The fruits of C. microphylla and other species are eaten in 
Australia, where they are called Native Currants. In New Zealand the 
leaves of C. fetidissima are used by the priests to discover the will of the 
ods. 
Galium.— G. Aparine, Goose grass or Cleavers.—The inspissated juice 
or extract of this plant has been used with success in lepra and some other 
cutaneous diseases. Its roasted seeds have been employed as a substitute 
for coffee. The extracts of G. rigidum and G. Mollugo have been used with 
beneticial results in epilepsy. 
Gardenia.—F rom the fruits of G. grandiflora, G. florida, and G. radicans 
beautiful yellow dyes are prepared, which are extensively employed in China 
and Japan.—G. lucida and G. gummifera, natives of India, yield a resinous 
exudation, which is said to be antispasmodic. 
Gentpa.—The fruit of some species is edible ; that of G. americana, the 
Lana tree, is the Genipap of South America. In British Guiana a bluish- 
black dye, called Lana dye, is prepared from the juice of the fruit. The 
fruits of G. brasiliensis also furnish a violet dye. 
Guettarda speciosa.—This plant is said by some to furnish the Zebra- 
wood of cabinet makers, but, according to Schomburgk, this is obtained 
from Omphalobium Lamberti, a native of Guiana. (See Omphalobium.) 
Tortoise-wood is also sometimes considered to be derived from a variety of 
G. speciosa. 
Morinda.—The roots of M. citrifolia and M. tinetoria are used in India 
and some other parts of Asia for dyeing red. They have been occasionally 
imported into this country, under the names of Madder, Munjeet, and Chay- 
root ; but such names are improperly applied to them. (See Oldenlandia 
and Ruba.) The flowers of species of Morinda are also employed in India 
for dyeing, mixed with those of Grislea tomentosa. (See Grislea.) 
Oldenlandia umbellata.—The root is occasionally imported from India 
under the name of Chay or Che root. (See Morinda.) It is employed to 
dye red, purple, and orange-brown. The colouring matter is confined to 
the bark. 
Palicurea densiflora, a native of Bolivia, &c., is stated to yield the bark 
now known in commerce as ‘ Coto Bark,’ and which is reputed to be a valu- 
able remedy in diarrhea, rheumatism, gout, &c. It is said to owe its active 
properties to a peculiar crystalline substance named cotoin. Nothing certain, 
however, is known of the botanical source of Coto Bark. Moreover, other 
barks under the same name are now found in commerce, one of which is 
termed Paracoto Bark. 
Psychotria.—VThe root of P. emetica is called black or large striated Ipeca- 
cuanha. It is occasionally imported, but not used in this country. It would 
appear that there are two spurious kinds of Ipecacuanha which have been 
described under the name of Striated,—one being derived from this plant ; 
but the botanical source of the other, which is known as small striated 
Ipecacuanha, is undetermined, although doubtless from one nearly allied 
to it—according to Planchon, a species of Richardsonia. Both of these 
kinds possess emetic properties like the roots of Cephaélis Ipecacuanha and 
Richardsonia seabra, but they are far less active. They contain emetine. 
The roasted seeds of P. herbacea have been used as a substitute for coffee. 
Remijia.—F rom the barks of R. pedunculata, R. Purdieana, and probably 
other species, which are known in commerce as Cuprea barks, salts of qui- 
nine and cinchonine may be obtained, and also the peculiar alkaloids cupreine 
and homoquinine. The barks of species of Remijia are official in the British 
Pharmacopeia as a source of the salts of quinine and cinchonine. 
Richardsona scabra.—The root is emetic. It contains the same active 
principle (namely, emetine) as that of the official annulated Ipecacuanha rvot, 
