092 COMPOSIT#. 
Calycera, Cavan.; Leucocarpus, Don. There are about 20 
species. 
Properties and Uses. —Unknown. 
Order 4. Composit, the Composite Order.—Character. 
Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, exstipulate. 
Flowers (florets) hermaphrodite (figs. 983-985), unisexual (fig. 
491) or neuter, arranged in capitula (figs. 427 and 444), which 
are commonly surrounded by an.involucre formed of anumber of 
imbricate bracts (phyllaries) (fig. 399); the separate florets are 
Fie. 983. Fre. 984. Fie. 985. Fic. 986. 
Fig. 983. Labiate floret of Chelanthera linearis. o. Ovary with adherent 
calyx. ¢. Tubeof the corolla. 7s. Upper lip of the corolla. 77. Lower lip. 
e. Tube formed by the united anthers. s. Stigmas. Fig. 984, Vertical 
section of the floret of Aster 7ubricaulis. o. Ovary containing one 
erect ovule a. Pappose limb of the calyx. p. Corolla. s. Style. e. Tube 
formed by the united anthers. ——Fig. 985. Floret of the Chicory (Cicho- 
rium Intybus). o. Ovary with adherent calyx. e. Tube formed by the 
united anthers. s. Stigmas. Fig. 986. Vertical section of the ripe fruit 
of the Groundsel (Senecio), surmounted by a portion of the style, s.; and 
the pappose limb of the calyx. p. Pericarp. ¢t. Testa. e. Seed. The 
above figures are from Jussieu. 
also frequently furnished with membranous or scale-like bractlets 
(palex) (fig. 404, b, b). Capitula developing successively in a 
centrifugal order (fig. 444). Calyx superior (figs. 983-985), its 
limb either entirely abortive (fig. 465) or membranous (fig. 466); 
in the latter case it is entire, toothed, or pappose—that is, divided 
into bristles, or simple, branched, or feathery hair-like processes 
(fig. 984, a). Corolla epigynous, monopetalous (figs. 983-985), 
tubular (fig. 465), ligulate (fig. 985), or bilabiate (fig. 983), 4—5- 
toothed, with a valvate zstivation. Stamens (figs. 983-985, e) 
