COMPOSITE. 593 
5 or rarely 4, inserted on the corolla, and alternate with its 
divisions ; filaments distinct or monadelphous; anthers united 
into a tube (syngenesious or synanthervus) (fig. 548), which is 
perforated by the style and stigmas (jig. 985). Ovary inferior, 
1-celled, with 1 erect ovule (fig. 984, 0); style 1, undivided 
below, and commonly bifid above (fig. 987); stigmas 2, one being 
usually placed on the inner surface or maryins of each division 
of the style (figs. 983, s, 985, s, and 987), Fruit acypsela, dry, 
indehiscent, 1-celled, crowned by the limb of the calyx, which 
is often pappose (fig. 986). Seed (fig. 986, e) solitary, erect, 
exalbuminous ; radicle inferior. 
Diagnosis. — Herbs or shrubs, with exstipulate leaves. 
Flowers (called florets) arranged in capitula, which are 
Fic. 987. 
Fig. 987. Styles and stigmas of Composite Flowers to illustrate De Can- 
dolle’s tribes, after Heyland and Lindley. 1. Albertinia erythropappa 
(Vernonieez). 2. Anisocheta mikanioides (Eupatoriee). 3. Blumeu sene- 
cioides (Asteroidew). 4. Mendezia bicolor (Senecioidez). 5. Lipocheta 
umbellata (Senecioidee). 6. Aplotaris nepalensis (Cynarez). 7, Leuco- 
meris spectabilis (Mutisiez). 8. Leuceria tenuis (Nassauviee). 
commonly surrounded by an involucre. Capitula developed 
successively in a centrifugal manner. Calyx superior, its limb 
abortive, or membranous, or pappose. Corolla epigynous, mono- 
petalous, 4—5-toothed, with a valvate estivation. Stamens 
epipetalous, equal in number to the divisions of the corolla 
(generally 5), and alternate with them; anthers syngenesious. 
Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 1 erect ovule, and having but one 
coat ; style simple, bifid above, with stigmatic branches. Fruit 
1-celled, dry, indehiscent. Seed solitary, erect, exalbuminous ; 
radicle inferior. 
Division of the Order and Illustrative Genera.—This order has 
been variously divided by authors. By Linnzus, the plants of 
his class Syngenesia, division Polygamia (which corresponded to 
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