LOBELIACE, 601 
nearly always alternate, exstipulate. Flowers scattered, or 
rarely in capitula. Calyx superior (jig. 990), persistent (jigs. 
687 and 688). Corolla monopetalous, regular (figs. 437, b’’, and 
479), marcescent (figs. 437, b’, and 688) ; xstivation valvate (fig. 
988). Stamens equal in number to, and alternate with, the 
lobes of the corolla (fig. 988) ; anthers 2-celled, distinct or partly 
united. Ovary inferior (fig. 990), 2- or more celled (jig. 988) ; 
style undivided (fig. 507), hairy ; stigma naked. Fruit dry, cap- 
sular, dehiscing by lateral orifices (fig. 687, t, t, and 688) or by 
valves at the apex ; placentas axile ( fiys. 630, pl, and 988). Seeds 
numerous, with fleshy albumen (fig. 989). 
Distribution and Nwmbers.—Chiefly natives of the temperate 
parts of the northern hemisphere ; a good many are, however, 
found in the southern hemisphere, especially at the Cape of 
Fic. 988. Fic. 989. Fic. 990. 
Fig. 988. Diagram of the flower of Rampions (Campanula Rapunculus).—— 
Fig. 989. Vertical section of the seed.— Fig. 990. Vertical section of the 
flower. 
Good Hope. A few species only are tropical. TIlustrative 
Genera :—Phyteuma, Liin.; Campanula, Linn. There are 
about 550 species. 
Properties and Uses.—The milky juice which these plants 
contain is sometimes of a sub-acrid character, but the roots and 
young parts of several species, especially when cultivated, are 
eaten in different parts of the world, as the roots of Campa- 
nula Rapunculus, which are commonly known under the name 
of Rampions ; those of Cyphia glandulifera, in Abyssinia ; and 
those of Cyphia digitata by the Hottentots, &c. Some species 
of Specularia have been used in salads. One species, Campanula 
glauca, is reputed to be a valuable tonic, and others are said to 
be anti-syphilitic. The order, however, does not contain a 
single plant of any particular importance, either in a medicinal 
or economic point of view. 
Order 4. LoBELIACE, the Lobelia Order.—Character.— 
Herbs or shrubs, with a milky juice. Leaves alternate, exstipu- 
late. Calyx superior, Corolla monopetalous, irregular, val- 
vate. Stamens 5; anthers syngenesious (fig. 992). Ovary 
