MONOTROPACEX,— EPACRIDACEA, 606 
are made, The pipes Wn as pipes de bruyére are also made from the 
roots. 
Gualtheria procumbens, Partridge Berry.—The leaves are official in the 
United States Pharmacopeeia. They possess aromatic, astringent, and 
stimulant properties, which they owe to the presence of a volatile oil and 
tannic acid, ‘The oil is known under the name of Oi of Partridge Berry or 
Oil of Winter-green. An infusion of the leaves is employed in certain 
parts of North America, as a substitute for China tea, under the name of 
Mountain or Salvador Tea, The fruits, known as Partridge Berries or 
Deer Berries, are much relished by some persons.—G. leucocarpa and G. 
punctata.—F rom the leaves of these two species, both of which are natives 
of Java, Dr. de Vrij obtained an oil, which he found to be identical with 
the American Winter-green Oil. 
Kalmia latifolia, a common plant in the United States, is reputed to be 
narcotic and poisonous. The leaves, under the name of ‘ Mountain Laurel,’ 
are said to be a valuable remedy in obstinate diarrhoea. They have also 
been used in syphilis and skin diseases. They contain a large amount of 
tannic acid. 
Ledum.—An infusion of the leaves of L. palustre and L. latifolium is 
employed in North America as a substitute for China tea, under the name of 
Labrador Tea or James’s Tea. It possesses narcotic properties. This plant 
has also been recommended as a powerful insecticide. 
Rhododendron.—The flowers of R. arboreum are used by the hill people 
of India in the preparation of a jelly. The powdered leaves of R. campanu- 
latum areemployed as snuff in certain parts of India. The brown pulverulent 
substance found on the petioles of some Rhododendrons and Kalmias is also 
in use in the United States of America as a substitute for snuffi—R. chrys- 
anthum, a Siberian plant, possesses very marked narcotic properties. 
on the hills of the es kab the so-called briar-root or briar-wood pipes 
Order 3. Monotropace#, the Fir-rape Order.—Character. 
Saprophytes with scale-like leaves. Sepals more or less distinct, 
4—5, inferior. Petals 4—5, distinct or united. Stamens twice 
as many as the petals, hypogynous; anthers 2-celled, with 
longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary superior, 4—5-celled at the base, 
1-celled with 5 parietal placentas at the apex. Frwit capsular, 
with loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds numerous, with a loose testa ; 
embryo minute, at the apex of fleshy albumen. This order is 
referred to Ericacexr by Beutham and Hooker. It is closely allied 
to the Pyrolex. 
Distribution and Numbers.—They are found growing on Firs 
chiefly, in the cool parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. 
Illustrutive Genus :—Monotropa, Nutt. There are about 10 
species. 
Properties and Uses.—Unimportant. 
Order 4. EpacripAce, the Epacris Order.—C haracter.— 
Shrubs, or small trees. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, 
simple, with parallel or radiating veins. Calyx and corolla in- 
ferior, usually 5-partite, or rarely 4-partite. Stamens equal in 
number to the divisions of the corolla, or rarely fewer, hypo- 
gynous or adherent to the corolla; anthers 1-celled, without 
appendages, opening longitudinally. Ovary superior, many- or 
1-celled ; style simple. Fruit fleshy or capsular. Seeds with a 
firm skin, albuminous. 
