614 SALVADORACEA.—APOCYNACE. 
the tree upon which the insect (Coccus Pe-la) producing the White Wax of 
China feeds. 
Olea.— Olea europea, the Olive.—The ripe fruit has a very fleshy peri- 
carp ; this yields by expression the fixed oil, known as Olive Oil, Salad Oil, 
and Sweet Oil, which is so largely used for dietetical purposes, in the arts, 
and in medicine ; it is official in the British Pharmacopceia. In medicine, 
it is principally employed externally, either by itself, or in combination with 
other substances. When administered internally, it is nutrient, emollient 
demulcent, and laxative. The olives used as a dessert are ordinarily prepared 
by first soaking the green unripe fruits in water to deprive them of a portion 
of their bitterness, and then preserving them in a solution of salt slightly 
aromatised. The leaves and bark of the Olive-tree have been highly extolled 
by some writers for their tonic and febrifugal qualities. The febrifugal 
properties of the bark are said to be due to a peculiar principle which has 
been named oliverin. The substance called olive gum or olivile is a resinous 
exudation from the Olive-tree. It was formerly employed in medicine, but 
at present is not applied to any useful purpose. The wood of the Olive is 
much used for cabinet work. The flowers of Olea fragrans are employed in 
China to give odour and flavour to a particular kind of tea. 
Syringa vulgaris, the Lilac, has a tonic and febrifugal bark. 
Order’ 2. SALVADORACE, the Salvadora Order.—C harac- 
ter. — Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, entire, leathery, 
exstipulate. Flowers small, panicled. Calyx of 4 sepals. Corolla 
4-partite, membranous. Stamens 4. Ovary 1—2-celled; stigma 
sessile. Fruit fleshy, 1-celled, with a solitary erect seed. Seed 
_ exalbuminous. 
Distribution and Numbers.—Natives of India, Syria, and 
North Africa. Illustrative Genera :—Salvadora, Linn. ; Monetia, 
DP? Hérit. 
Properties and Uses.—Some are acrid and stimulant. The 
only plant of importance is Salvadora persica, supposed by 
Royle to be the Mustard-tree of the Bible. The fruit of this is 
edible, and resembles the garden Cress in taste. The bark of 
the root is acrid, and is employed as a blistering agent in India. 
The leaves are reputed to be purgative. 
Order 3. APocyNACEs, the Dog-bane Order.—C haracter.— 
Trees or shrubs, usually milky and acrid. Leaves entire, com- 
monly opposite, but occasionally whorled or scattered, exstipulate. 
Calyx inferior, 5-partite (fig. 1004), persistent. Corolla (fig. 1004) 
5-lobed ; xstivation contorted. Stamens (fig. 1004) 5, alternate 
with the lobes of the corolla ; filaments distinct ; anthers united 
to the stigma (jig. 1003), 2-celled (fig. 528); pollen granular. 
Ovary composed of 2 carpels, which are generally merely in 
contact, but sometimes united so as to form a 2-celled (jig. 
1004) or more rarely a 1-celled ovary ; styles 2 or 1 (figs. 599, f, 
and 1003) ; stigma 1, expanded at the base and apex, and con- 
tracted in the middle, so as to resemble in form an hour-glass or 
dumb-bell (jig. 599, s); ovwles numerous. /ruwit consisting of 1 
or 2 follicles, or a capsule, drupe, or berry. Seeds usually with 
albumen, or rarely exalbuminous, often comose. . 
Distribution and Numbers. — Natives principally of the 
