STILAGINACEX.—PEN AACE, 677 
This order is variously placed by botanists. We put it near to 
Euphorbiacer in accordance with the views of Lindley. 
Distribution and Numbers.—Mostly natives of Northern 
Europe and North America. Illustrative Genera :—Empetrum, 
Linn.; Corema, Don. There are 4 species. 
Properties and Uses.—The leaves and fruit are generally 
slightly acid. The berries of Empetrum nigrum, the Crowberry, 
are eaten in the very cold parts of Europe, and are also em- 
ployed in Greenland in the preparation of a fermented liquor. 
In Portugal, the berries of Corema are used in the preparation 
of a beverage which is said to be useful in febrile complaints. 
Order 4. STILAGINACEH, the Stilago Order.—Character. 
—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, leathery, with 
deciduous stipules. Flowers minute, unisexual, in scaly spikes. 
Calyx 2—5-partite. Male flowers consisting of 2 or more 
stamens on an enlarged thalamus ; avthers usually 2-lobed, with 
a fleshy connective, and dehiscing transversely at the apex. 
Female flowers with a superior 1—2-celled ovary, each cell with 
2 suspended ovules. Fruit drupaceous. Seeds suspended, albu- 
minous ; embryo straight, with leafy cotyledons, and a superior 
radicle. This order is made a tribe of Huphorbiacex by Bentham 
and Hooker. 
Distribution and Numbers.—Natives of Madagascar and the 
East Indies. Illustrative Genera :—Stilago, Linn. ; Falconeria, 
Royle. There are about 20 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Unimportant. The fruits of Antidesma 
pubescens and Stilago Bunias are subacid and agreeable. 
Order 5. PEN#ACEH, the Penea Order.—Character.— 
Evergreen shrubs, with opposite, exstipulate, imbricate leaves. 
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, bracteated, 4-lobed ; 
estivation valvate or imbricate. Stamens perigynous, 4 or 8, 
alternate with the divisions of the calyx when equal to them in 
number. Ovary superior, 4-celled; style 1; stigmas 4, with 
appendages on one side. fruit 4-celled, dehiscent or inde- 
hiscent. Seeds varying in position, exalbuminous ; embryo with 
very minute cotyledons. 
This order is sometimes placed near Proteacex, but it is espe- 
cially distinguished from that order by its 4-celled ovary and 4- 
celled frwit. 
Distribution and Numbers.—They are only found at the Cape 
of Good Hope. Illustrative Genera :—Penea, Linn. ; Geisso- 
loma, Lindl. There are over 20 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Unimportant. 
Penea.—The gum called Sarcocolla is commonly said to be derived from 
Penea Sarcocolla, P. mucronata, and other species of Pena. It was for- 
merly employed as an external application to wounds and ulcers, under the 
idea that it possessed the property of agglutinating the flesh, whence its 
