684 JUGLANDACEA. 
Order 1. JUGLANDACE, the Walnut Order.—Trees. Leaves 
alternate, pinnate, exstipulate. Flowers unisexual (fig. 1048). 
Male flowers in amenta (jig. 1048); with an irregular calyx, or 
a simple scale. Female flowers solitary, or in small terminal 
clusters, or amenta, without a cupule; calyx superior, regular, 
3—5-lobed ; ovary inferior, 2—4-celled at the base, 1-celled 
above ; ovule solitary, erect, orthotropous. Fruit called a tryma 
(page 318). Seed (fig. 1049) 2—4-lobed, exalbuminous ; embryo 
with sinuous oily cotyledons, and a short superior radicle. 
Distribution and Numbers. —Chiefly natives of North 
America, but a few are found in the East Indies, Persia, and 
the Caucasus. Juglans regia, the Walnut tree, is a native of 
Fic. 1048. Fic. 1049. 
Fig. 1048. Staminateamentum 
of the Walnut tree (Juglans 
regia): the flowers are se- 
parated by scaly bracts. 
Fig. 1049. Seed of the Wal- 
nut tree. 
the countries between Greece and Cashmere.  Tliustrative 
Genera :—Juglans, Linn.; Carya, Nutt. There are about 30 
species. 
Properties and Uses.—Chiefly important for their valuable 
timber, and for their oily edible seeds. 
Carya.—Carya alba is the common Hickory, valuable for its timber, and 
for its edible seeds, which are known as Hickory Nuts.—C. oliveform’s 
vields an olive-shaped or somewhat elliptical seed resembling the Walnut and 
Hickory in flavour, which is known as the Peccan Nut. These nuts have 
the finest flavour of any species of this genus ; they also yield a fixed oil by 
pressure, which is palatable. Both Hickory and Peccan nuts are oceasion- 
ally imported into this country.—C. porcina yields an edible seed which is 
termed the Pig or Hog Nut. It is consumed by pigs, squirrels, &c. Its 
wood is regarded as superior to that of either of the other species of Carya. 
Juglans.—J. regia, the Walnut, is valuable for its hard rich deep brown 
beautifully marked wood. ‘This is much employed in ornamental furniture 
work, and for gun stocks. The unripe fruit is also used for pickling. The 
seed of this plant is our well-known edible Walnut. This yields by expres- 
sion a useful fixed oil of a drying nature like Linseed oil. It may be em- 
ployed for burning in lamps and in cookery. ‘The pericarp has had a repu- 
tation as a vermifuge from the time of Hippocrates, The bark possesses 
