ANALYSIS OF THE ORDERS IN MONOCHLAMYDE. 689 
Stamens usually 3—5, or sometimes 1, in the former case more or 
less united or distinct. Female flowers very minute, with a 
tubular superior calyx, the limb either wanting or present and 
bilabiate. Ovary inferior, usually 1-celled ; styles 2; ovule soli- 
tary, pendulous. Fruit small, more or less compressed, in- 
dehiscent. Seed solitary, albuminous, with a lateral undivided 
or amorphous embryo. 
Distribution and Numbers.—These plants are parasitical on 
the roots of various Dicotyledonous plants, especially in the 
tropical and sub-tropical mountains of Asia and South America. 
Other species are found in different parts of Africa, Australia, 
&e. Illustrative Genera :—Cynomorium, Michel; Balanophora, 
Forst. There are, according to Sir Joseph Hooker, 37 species. 
Properties and Uses.—Many are remarkable for their astrin- 
gent properties ; others are edible, as Ombrophytum, a native of 
Peru, and Lophophytwm of Bolivia; and some secrete a kind of 
wax. 
Balanophora.—In the mountainous districts of Java the natives make 
candles from a species of Balanophora, as follows :—The parasite is heated 
in an iron pan, after which bamboo sticks covered with cotton are dipped 
into the melted mass, when the waxy substance of the plant adheres to 
them. This so-called wax is, according to Dr. de Vrij, a mixture of at 
least two resins and a vegetable fat. 
Cynomorium coccineum is the Fungus melitensis of pharmacologists. It 
has had a great reputation as a styptic. 
Langsdorffia hypogea.—tThis species yields so large a quantity of wax, 
that candles are made of it in New Granada. The stems are also said to be 
collected near Bogota, ‘and sold under the name of Siejos, and used as candies 
on saints’ days.’ 
' Artificial Analysis of the Orders in the Sub-class 
MONOCHLAMYDEZ or INCOMPLET &. 
(Modified from Lindley.) 
1, Achlamydeous Flowers. 
A. Leaves stipulate. 
a. Flowers unisexual. 
Ovary 1-celled. 
Ovules numerous . : : . Salicacezx. 
Ovules 1—2. 
Ovule erect , : i : 2 : . Myricacee. 
Ovule pendulous ; : : : : . Platanacee. 
Ovary 2- or more celled. 
Seeds few, not winged . : : ; ‘ . Kuphorbiucee, 
b. Flowers hermaphrodite. 
Carpel solitary. 
Ovule erect. Embryo ina vitellus . : . Piperacer. 
Ovule suspended. Embryo naked : : . Chloranthacezx. 
Carpels several. 
Ovule erect. Embryo ina vitellus. ; . Saururacee. 
Yrry: 
