GYMNOSPERMIA.—CONIFERZ OR PINACES. 741 
Embryo perfect. 
Seed without albumen ‘ : . Naiadacex. 
Seed with albumen . j 3 . Pistiacee. 
Embryo rudimentary . : : . Triuridacez. 
Ovules pendulous. 
Carpel solitary. 
Seed without albumen. 
Pollen globose or tubular . - P . Naiadacex. 
Seed with albumen. : : . . Restiaceex. 
Carpels several, distinct. 
Anthers 2-celled . é * - 3 . Naiadacee. 
Anthers 1-celled . . ‘ : A . Desvauxiaceer. 
Carpels several, combined, 
Anthers 1-celled. 
Stamens 2—3 . ‘ : 5 5 . Restiacex. 
Stamenl . P : 4 : . Desvauxiacee. 
Anthers 2-celled. Placentas axile. 
Seeds with rows of hairs . P P . Kriocaulacee. 
Seeds without rows of hairs . - . Restiacee. 
Anthers 2-celled. Placentas parietal . . Xyridacez. 
Sub-class II. Glumacee. 
Stem sclid. Leaf-sheaths not slit. Embryo ba- 
silar, within the albumen 2 : : . Cyperacezx. 
Stem hollow. Leaf-sheaths slit. Embryo basilar, 
outside the albumen : 3 - : - Graminacer. 
Division II, GYMNOSPERMIA. 
Order 1. CoNIFER® or Prnace®, the Coniferous or Pine 
Order.—Character.—Resinous trees or evergreen shrubs, with 
1ireek ails bee Fie. 1113. Fie. 1114. 
aa 
Fig. 1112. A ripe cone of the 
Larch (Pinus (Abies) Larix). 
—~Fig. 1113. A mature 
carpel or scale of the Scotch 
Fir (Pinus sylvestris), with 
two winged naked seeds at 
its base. mic. Micropyle. ch. 
Chalaza. —— Fig. 1114. A 
scale of the Larch bearing 
one naked winged seed ; the 
other seed has been re- 
moved. 
branched continuous stems. Leaves linear, acicular (fig. 341) 
or lanceolate, parallel-veined, fascicled (jig. 288) or imbricate 
alternate. Flowers naked, moncecious or dicecious. Male flowers 
