REPRODUCTION OF CHARACE. 831 
place before the spore has separated 
from its parent (see page 
395, fig. 864), and in others, after both the spore and ciliated 
antherozoids have been discharged, as 
in Fucus. (See page 397, jigs. 866- 
a68.)."* 
(2) Reproduction of Characex.— 
In these plants we have two kinds of 
reproductive organs, called, respec- 
tively, the globule or antheridiwm (figs. 
856, a, and 858 ), and the nucule or 
carpogonium (figs. 856, s, 859, and 
860): the former is regarded as the 
male, and the latter as the female. 
Fertilisation takes place by the pas- 
sage of the spiral antherozoids of the 
globule (jig. 857) down the canal which 
extends from the apex of the nucule 
(figs. 859, a, and 860) to the central 
cell of the same structure, whicl: then 
becomes fertilised. No free spore is, 
however, produced, but the nucule 
drops off, and after a certain period 
germinates, though the sexual leaf- 
forming plant is not directly deve- 
loped, but is preceded by a pro- 
embryo (fig. 1151), which has, how- 
ever, only a limited growth, and from 
it are produced at one part the rhi- 
zoids w, and further on, as a sort of 
lateral branch, the Chara or Nitella 
proper. 
B. Reproduction of Cormophytes. 
Of the sexual nature of the plants 
in most orders of this sub-division of 
the Cryptogamia there can be no 
doubt. The sexual organs in all are 
also of an analogous character, and 
are of two kinds, one termed an 
antheridium, which contains spirally 
wound ciliated antherozoids, and is 
regarded as the male organ ; and the 
other, called an archegonium or pistil- 
lidiwm, containing an embryonal cell 
or germ-cell, which is the female 
organ. Fertilisation is effected by the 
Fie. 1151. 
Fig. 1151. Pro-embryo of Chara 
Jragilis. sp. Germinating spore. 
i, d, q, pl. The pro-embryo. 
At d are the rhizoids; w. w’. 
Primary root. g. First leaves of 
the second generation, or Chara 
proper. (After Pringsheim.) 
contact of an antherozoid with an embryonal cell or germ-cell. 
We have already described the structure of the reproductive 
organs of Cormophytes (pages 364-377), both before and after 
fertilisation ; it will be only necessary, therefore, in the present 
