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MORPHOLOGICAL, STRUCTURAL, AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BOTANY. 871 
Enveloping, 220 
Epiblema, 60, 128 
Epicalyx, 193, 229 
Epicarp, 298 
Epidermal appendages, 63 
— layer, 397 
— tissue, 57 
Epidermis, 58, 79 
— functions of, 786 
Epigeal, 855 
Epigone, 373, 376 
Epigynous, 254, 266 
Epipetaious, 253 
Epiphragma, 374 
Epiphytes, 131 
Episperm, 21, 335 
Epistrophe, 809 
Epithelium, 270 
Equal leaf, 170 
Equally pinnate, 176 
Equisetaceze, 367, 834 
Equitant, 157, 345 
Erect, 225, 232, 243, 347 
— ovule, 326 
— rhizome, 119 
— seed, 334 
Ergot, 383, 385 
Essential organs, 17, 20, 
240, 360, 829 
Eterio, 313 
Etiolated, $04 
Evergreen, 141 
Exalbuminous, 341 
Exannulate, 366 
Excipulum, 389 
Excrescence, 112 
Excrescent, 200 
Excretion by roots, 792 
Excretions, 804 
Excurrent, 116 
Exhalation, 796, 799 
Exocarp, 298 
Exogenous stems, 74, 78 
Exorhizal, 134, 855 
Exosmose, 782 
Exospore, 379, 830 
Exostome, 330, 839 
Exothecium, 246, 247 
Exserted, 256 
Exstipulate, 15, 142, 182 
External embryo, 346 
Extine, 260, 261, 836 
Extra-axillary, 113, 141, 199 
Extrorse, 246 
FACE, 246 
Fall of the leaf, 141, 810 
False arillus, 338 
— bark, 95, 96 
— cyme, 110 
— dichotomy, 99 
Farinaceous albumen, 341 
Fasciated branches, 113 
Fascicle, 149, 216 
Fascicled leaves, 149 
Fasciculated root, 137 
Faux, 226, 233 
Feather-veined, 159, 174 
Feathery, 228 
Female apparatus, 836 
— flower, 20, 831 
Fern proper, 367 
Ferns, 365, 834 
Fern stems, 101 
—internal structure of, 
102 
— growth by buds, 102 
Fertile, 241 
Fertilisation, 20 } 
Fertilised oosphere, 341 
Fibres, 40, 45 
Fibrilliform cells, 39 
— tissue, 48 
Fibrils, 60, 67, 127 
Fibro-cellular tissue, 48 
Fibro-vascular bundles, 39, 
50, 76, 102 
— — system, 57, 74, 90, 143 
— — of leaves, 143 
— tissue, 57 
Fibrous cells, 44, 48 
— root, 136 
Fid, 165 
Fiddle-shaped, 167 
Filament, 19, 241, 242, 398 
Filices, 365, 834 
Filiform, 242 
Fimbriated, 231 
Fissiparous, 774 
Fissured calyx, 225 
— stigma, 291 
Fissures of leaves, 165 
Five-ceiled, 276 
— cleft, 165, 225, 288 
— lobed, 280 
— partite, 225 
— ranked, 151, 221 
— ribbed, 160 
— seeded, 334 
— toothed, 225 
Fixed embryo, 106 
Flagellum, 117 
Fleshy albumen, 341 
— pericarp, 318, 320 
— cotyledons, 345 
Floral envelopes, 
360 
Florets, 207 
Flower, 17, 230 
— parts of the, 218 
Flowering plants, 11, 190 
Flowerless plants, 11, 190, 
363 
Flower-stalk, 15, 197 
Foliaceous, 199, 227, 299, 
345 
Foliage leaves, 140 
Folioles, 162 
Follicle, 312 
Food of plants, 813 
— sources of, 813 
Foramen, 329, 330 
Forked anther, 250 
— filament, 242 
— venation, 162 
Formation of cells, 771 
— — compound ovary, 278 
17, 222, 
Formation of organic com- 
pounds, 804 
— — pollen, 258 
— — wood, 794 
Formative tissue, 88 
Formed material, 771 
Forms of anther, 249 
— — — lobes, 249 
— — branches, 113 
— — cells 937, 263 
— — filament, 242 
— — hairs, 63 
— — leaves, 173; 185 
— — peduncle, 198 
— — petiole, 181 
— — roots, 136 
— — seeds, 334 
— — stems, 113 
— — style, 289 
Fossil botany, 2 
Four-celled, 245, 276 
— cleft, 288 
— lobed, 165, 280 
— loculi, 245 
— seeded, 334 
Fovilla, 19, 263, 836 
Free calyx, 227 
— cell formation, 772, 777 
— central placenta, 282 
— ovary, 280 
— stamens, 255 
Fringed, 231 
Fronds, 11, 101, 161, 190 
Fructification, 381 
Fruit, 20, 294, 352, 846 
— constitution of, 847 
— dehiscent, 21 
— indehiscent, 21 
— kinds of, 309 
— nature of, 295 
— perfect, 298 
— ripening of, 849: 
— simple, 309 
— spurious, 846 
— sugar, 848 
— true. 846 
Fucus, 396 
Fugacious, 141, 229 
Functions, 770 
— of bark, 795 
— — bracts, 826 
—— epidermal 
ages, 789 
— — — tissue, 786 
— — essential organs, 829 
—- — floral envelopes, 826 
-— — glands, 789 
— — hairs, 789 
— — intercellular system, 
789 
— — laticiferous 
785 
— — leaves, 796 
— — medulla, 794. 
— — medullary rays, 795 
——organs of reproduc- 
tion, 829 
— — parenchymatous cells; 
771 
append- 
vessels, 
