74< 

 pain is doubtless caused by that pungent volatile fluid which affects our smell so much 

 when we catch those insects, with which they are abundantly supplied, and which they 

 emit with considerable force. 



CICADA MACULATA. 



Plate XXXVII. fig. 1. 



Order: Hemiptera. Suborder: Homoptera. Fa.vily : Cicadidae. 



Genus. Cicada, Linn. 



Cicada Maculata. Atra, thoraue elytris alisque flavo maculatis. (Expans. Alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.) 



Syn. Cicada maculata, Drury, Ajip. vol. 2. Gernmr in Silberm. Rev. Ent. Donovan Ins. China. 



Tettigonia maculata, Fabr. Ent. Syst.W. 12. Syst. Rhyng. 37. 18. 

 Habitat : China. 



Upiper Side. Head black. Eyes yellow brown, round, and projecting from the head a little : 

 between them are two small orange spots. Antennae small and short. Thorax black, with four orange 

 spots in a row, placed across it, and behind them two others. Abdomen black, consisting of seven 

 annuli or rings, besides the tail part, the last of which is edged with orange. Anus orange-coloured, and 

 furnished with a bristle for ovipositon. Wings black, spotted, and streaked with orange ; the anterior 

 having a row of streaks along the external edges, and five distinct orange spots crossing the middle, near 

 the shoulders : the posterior having a large orange patch on the abdominal edges, and a small round 

 spot above it, with five small fainter ones placed along the external edges. 



Under Side. Head black, tenninating in a long slender beak, which extends between the legs, to the 

 abdomen; two small orange spots are placed just below the eyes. Thorax with an orange spot on each 

 side. Legs and abdomen black; the latter having six orange spots, three on each side. Wings as on 

 the upper side. 



The larger species of this family are often mistaken for locusts and grasshoppers, in 

 consequence of the loud chirping noise which they make, and which is sometimes so strong 

 that Mr. Smeathman had no doubt that it might be heard a mile. They are occasionally, 

 he continues, very numerous in the woods, where they make the hills and vallies ring, con- 

 tinuing their noise for hours together ; at other times, when they are more scarce, burst- 

 ing forth only at intervals. This chirp or whistle is in general harsh and dissonant, 

 though sometimes, like Thomson's Stock Dove, their note, 



" Discoi'dant heard alone, aids the full concert." 



Amongst the planters and English settlers of the West Indies they are however called the 

 razor-grinders, their noise being by these persons likened to that made in grinding 

 knizes and razors. Kalm evidently alludes to these insects in his Tour of North America, 

 where he says in some places they make so much noise, that unless two persons meeting- 

 together can speak louder than the insect can chirp, they cannot hear each other. 



