130 



ORGANOGRAPHY. 



certain points. Thus, when the branches are enlarged irre- 

 gularly towards the ends, as in the common Dropwort (Spiro'a 

 Filipendula), the root is nodulose {fig. 245). When the branches 

 have alternate contractions and expansions {fig. 246), so as to 

 present a beaded appearance, as in Pelargonium triste, the root 

 is tenned moniliform, necklace-shaped, or beaded. When the 

 root has a number of ring-like expansions on its surface, as in 

 Ipecacuanha {Cephaelis Ipecacuanha), it is annulated {fig. 247). 

 The above forms of roots, with fcAv exceptions, are those 

 which are commonly observed in plants which have no true tap- 

 root. Those which have now to be described owe their peculiar 

 forms to modifications of that kind of root. 



Fig. 246. 



Fig. 247. 



Fig. 248. 



F%g. 24C. Moniliform 

 root. 





^^ 



/ 



Fig. 247. Annulated root of Ipecacuanha (CepAoi/w Ipecacuanha). 

 Fig. 248. Conical root of the common Carrot. 



Conical Hoot— When a ta])-root is broad at its base, and 

 ta]>ers towards the ajjcx, it is termed cojiical {fig. 248). The 

 roots of ]\I()ni<sliood (/kwn7«/« Napcllus); Horse-radish {Coch- 

 lea via Armor acia); X\\c l^:w^\\\\) {Pastinaca sativa); the Carrot 

 {iJaucns Carota); tlic Dandelion (Leontodon Taraxacum); are 

 all famlHar examples of this root. 



Fusiform or Spindle-shaped Hoot. — This term is a])plied to a 

 tai)-root which savcIIs out a htllc below its base, and then tapers 



