OKGANS OF REPRODUCTION. 



223 



in such particulars as the true leaves. The terms used in de- 

 fining those modifications are applied in the same sense as in 

 these organs. Sepals are almost without exception destitute of 

 a stalk, or sessile upon the axis. They are also generally entire 

 at their margins, although exceptions to this character occasion- 

 ally occur : thus, in the Pseony and in the Rose {fig. 439, c/"), 

 the sepals are di^^ded at their margins ; in many species of 

 Dock (Humex) they are toothed (fig. 440, ci) ; and in the Cha- 

 mcelaucium plumosum the calyx consists of five sepals, each of 

 which is divided into five deep lobes. In their direction, the 

 sepals are either erect or upwards ; connivent or turned inwards ; 

 or spreading outwards, when they are divergent or patulous ; or 

 when their apices are turned dowTiwards, reflexed. 



Fig. 439. 



Fig. 440. 



Fig. 439. Vertical section of the flower of the Rose, r, r. Concave receptacle, 

 upon which are placed several carpels, o, o, each of which is furnished with 

 a style and stigma, s. e, e. Stamens, ct. Tube of the calyx, c/, cf. Free 



portions of the calyx divided at their margins Fig. 440. Calyx of 



Rumex nncatus, after Jussieu. ce. Outer divisions of the calyx, which are 

 entire, ci. Inner divisions with hooked teeth at their margins, g. Swell- 

 ing on one of the inner divisions. 



The calyx may either consist of a number of separate parts or 

 sepals, as in the Poppy, Buttercup, "Wallflower, Strawberry, (Jig, 

 441); or these parts may be more or less united into one body (^^5. 

 443 — 445), as in the Fuchsia, Melon, Tobacco, &c. In the former 

 case, the calyx is termed poly sepalous, dialysepalous, or polyphyllons, 

 the terra. phylla being sometimes used instead of sepal. When the 

 parts of the calyx are united, it is called monosepalous or mono- 

 phyllous ; but these are incorrect terms, as they indicate literally 

 one sepal, or one leaf, and hence many botanists use instead, the 

 term gamosepalous or gamophyllous calyx, which is more correct, 

 as these terms simply imply that the sepals or leaves are united. 



1. PoLTSEPALous OR PoLYPHTLLous Calyx. — Apolysepalous 

 calyx may consist of two or more parts, the number of which 

 being indicated by the prefix of Greek numerals ; as disepalous 

 or diphyllous for a calyx composed of two distinct sepals, tri- 



