268 



ORGANOGRAPHY. 



Fig. 568, 2, Fig. 569. 



or pistilline organs generally, it 

 Avill be better for us in the first 

 ^^ J ^ place, to describe the parts, nature, 



^« /^ \ J"'"^ and structure of the simple carpel 



of which it is composed. 



The Carpel. — This name is de- 

 rived from a Greek word signifying 

 the fruit, because the pistil forms 

 as will be afterwards explained, the 

 essential part of that organ. Each 

 carpel, as wc have already noticed, 

 consists, 1st, of a hollow inferior 

 part arising from the thalamus, 

 called the Ovary {fig. 569, o), con- 

 taining in its interior one or more 

 little roundish or oval bodies called 

 ovules ov, which ultimately be- 

 come the seeds, and which are 

 attached to a projection on the 

 walls which is termed the placenta. 

 2nd. Of a stigma or space of vari- 

 able size, composed of lax cellu- 

 lar tissue without ei»idermis ; it is 

 either placed directly on the ovary, 

 in which case it is said to be ses- 

 sile, as in the Barberry (Berberis 

 vulgaris') {fig. 569, st) ; or it is ele- 

 vated on a stalk prolonged from 

 the ovary, called the style {figs. 567 and 568 s). The only essential 

 parts of the carpel, therefore, are the ovary and stigma, the 

 style being no more necessary to it than the filament is to the 



The terms ovary, 

 style, and stigma, are 

 applied in precisely the 

 same sense when s])eak- 

 ing of a compound pis- 

 til in which the parts are 

 completely united. The 

 carpel has two sutures, 

 one of which corre- 

 sponds to the union of 

 itsnntrgins, and which 

 is turned towards the 

 axis of the ]>lant ; 

 and another, which is 

 directed towards the 

 lloral envelopes or to 



Fiij. 5G9. Vertical 

 section of the 

 ovary of the Bar- 

 berry {Berberis 

 vul(juris), on the 

 outside of which 

 is seen a stamen 

 and petal. o. 

 Ovary: or. Ovules 

 attached to a 

 projection called 

 the placenta ; st 

 Stigma. 



Fi(/. .568, 2. Compound pistil of 

 Tobacco {Nicotiana Tabacum) 

 t. Thalamus, o. Ovary, s. 

 Style, g. Capitate stigma. 



Stamen. 



Fig. 570. Vertical Bcction of the flower of the 

 Pfcony (I'ceoiiia). dg. I'orgal suture of tlie 

 ovary ; v». Ventral suture. 



