274 ORGANOGRAPHY. 



rar])cl arc synonymous ; when tlicrc is more than one carpel, 

 it is called compound (figs. 587 and £66). 



In a compound pistil tiie carjjcls may be either separate from 

 each other, as in the Stonecrop (fi(j. 566), or united into one 

 body, as in the Primrose (fig. 567), Carnation (fig. 587), and 

 Tobacco (fig. 568,2); in the former case, the pistil is said to be 

 apocarpous or dialycarpous, in tlie latter .syncarpous. 



When the pistil is apocarpous, the number of carpels of which 

 it is composed is indicated l)y a Greek numeral prefixed to the 

 termination gynia, which means female, and the flower receives 

 corresponding names accordinf;ly. In a syncarpous pistil also, 

 the number of styles is defined in a similar way. Thus : — 



A flower with One carpel or One style is Monogynous, as in 



Myosotis, and Hippuris. 

 „ „ Two carfjcls or Two styles is Digynous, as in 



most British Grasses and Dianthus. 

 „ „ Three carpels or Three styles is Trigynous, as 



in Kumex and Silene. 

 „ „ Four carpels or Four styles is Tetragynous 

 „ „ Five carpels or Five styles is Pentagynous. 

 „ „ Six carpels or Six styles is Ilexagynous. 

 „ ,, Seven carpels or Seven styles is Ileptagynous. 

 „ „ Eight carpels or Eight styles is Octogynous. 

 „ „ Nine carpels or Nine styles is Enneagynous. 

 „ „ Ten carpels or Ten styles is Decagynous. 

 „ „ Twelve carpels or Twelve styles is Dodeca- 



gynous. 

 „ „ More than twelve or numerous Polygynous. 



These terms will be referred to again when we treat of the 

 Linnajan System of Classification, as some of the Orders of that 

 arrangement are determined by the number of carpels in the 

 flower. 



1. Apocarpous Pistil. — An apocarpous pistil may consist of two 

 or more carpels, and they are variously arranged accordingly. 

 Thus when there are but two, they are always placed opposite 

 to each other; when there are more than two, and the number 

 coincides with tlie sepals or petals, they are opposite or alter- 

 nate with them; it is rare, however, to find the carpels corre- 

 sponding in number to the sepals or petals, they are generally 

 fewer, or more numerous. The carjjcls may be arranged in one 

 whorl, as in the Flowering liush (fig. 457), and Stonecrop 

 (Sedum) (y/f/. 566); or in several whorls altermiting with each 

 other, cither" at the same level, or, as is nu)re generally the case, 

 at diMcreiit hciglits uj)()n the thalamus so as to form a spiral 

 arrangement. When an apocarpous i)istil is thus found with 

 several rows of carpels, the receptacle or thalamus, instead of 



