318 



ORGANOGRAPny. 



2. The Samara is a superior, two or more celled fruit, each 

 cell being dry, indehiscent, few-seeded, and having its pericarp 

 extended into a winged expansion. Each cell of the samara is 

 in fact an achajnium with a winged margin. Examples occur 

 in the Sycamore (^fig. 688), Ash, Elm, &c. By some botanists 

 each Avinged portion of such a fruit is called a samara, and 

 thus the fruit of the Sycamore (^fig. 688), is considered to be 

 formed of two united samara. 



3. The Carcerule is a superior, many-celled fruit, each cell 

 being dry, indehiscent, and one or few-seeded, and all more or 



less cohering by their united styles to a cen- 

 tral axis. The Common Mallow {fig. 689) 

 is a good example of this fruit. Each cell 

 of the carcerule does not differ essentially 

 from an acha^nium ; which is also the case, 

 as just noticed, with those of the samara, 

 and hence the latter fruit may be regarded 

 as but a winged modification of the car- 

 cerule. 



4. The Amphisarca is a " superior, many- 

 celled, indehiscent, many-seeded fruit, in- 

 durated, or woody externally, puljn' inter- 

 nally." Examples, Omphalocarpus, Adan- 

 sonia, Crescentia. 



Fig. 689. 



Fig. C89. Carcerule or 

 fruit of the Mullow 

 {3Ialva). 



h. WITH A DRY DEHISCENT PERICARP. 



1. The Capsule is a superior, one or more celled, many- 

 seeded, dry, dehiscent fruit. The dehiscence may either take 



Fe^. 690. J'l^r. 691. Fig. ^^i. 



Fig. r,W. Capsule of the Iris, opening in a loculicirtal mnnner. Fig. 091. spi- 

 rally arranged c-apsulc of a species of J Itlirtc res. Fig. 092. Pyxis or fruit 



of Pimpernel {Aiiagallui) dehiscing transversely. 



place by valves, as in Colchicum (fig. 654), Iris (fig. 690), 

 and Datura (fig. 603, 2), &c. ; or by pores, as in the Poppy 



