ORGANS OP REPRODUCTION. 



32] 



Lime, Shaddock, &c., are examples of the hesperidium. It is 

 by no means uncommon to find the carpels composing the fruit 

 of the Orange, &c., in a more or less separated state {Jig. 696), 

 and we have then produced what are called " honied oranges," 

 "fingered citrons," &c., and the fruit becomes somewhat apo- 

 carpous, instead of altogether syncarpous. 



2. The Tn/ma is a superior, one-celled, one-seeded, indehis- 

 cent fruit, having a separable, fleshy or leathery rind, consist- 

 ing of epicarp and mesocarp, and a hard two-valved endocai-]i, 

 from the inner lining of which spurious dissepiments extend 

 so as to divide the seed into deep lobes. It differs but httle 

 from the ordinary dnape, except in being formed from an 

 originally compound ovary. Example, the Walnut. 



3. The A^uculanium. This fruit, of which the Grape may be 

 taken as an example, does not differ in any important charac- 

 ters from the berry, except in being superior. (See Berry 

 p. 322.) This name is sometimes appUed to a kind of pome, 

 where the cells become hard and stony, as in the Medlar. 



Di 



Inferior Si/ncarpous Fruits. 



Fig. 697. 



a. WITH A DRY IXDEHISCEXT PERICARP. 



1. The Cremocarp is an inferior, dry, indehiscent, two-celled, 

 two-seeded fruit. The two cells or halves of m hich this fmit is 

 composed are joined face to face to a common axis or car- 

 pophore, from which they separate when ripe, but to which they 

 always remain attached by a slender cord which suspends them. 

 (_Jiy. 697). Each half-fruit is termed a hemicarp or mericarp, 

 and the inner face the commissure. Each 



portion of the fruit resembles the acha- 

 nium, except in being inferior ; hence the 

 name diachcenium has been given to this 

 fruit. Examples of the cremocarp as 

 above defined are only found in the 

 Umbellifera, in the plants of which order 

 it is universal. By Lindley, the definition 

 of cremocarp is extended so as to include 

 fruits of a similar nature, but which con- 

 tain more than two cells, as, for instance, 

 those of Aralia. 



2. The Cypsela. This differs in no- 

 thing essential from the acha^nium, except 

 in being inferior and of a compound 

 nature. It occurs in all plants of the -f'ff- 

 order Compositae. When the calyx is 

 pappose it remains attached to the fruit, as in Salsafy and 

 Dandelion. 



697. Cremocarp, 

 fruit of Angelica. 



