ORGANS OF REPRODtJCTION. 323 



ultimately separated and lie loose in the pulp p. Examples may be 

 found in the GoosebeiTy and Currant. We have already stated, 

 that the fruit of the Grape is called a Nuculauium (^fig. 700), and 

 that it differs in nothing essential from the berry, except in being 

 superior. The name baccate or bei^ried is commonly applied by 

 many botanists to any fruit of a pulpy nature. 



2. The Pepo is an inferior, one or spuriously three-celled, 

 many-seeded, fleshy or pulpy fruit (Jig, 701). The seeds are 

 attached to parietal placentas, and are jp- ^q^, 

 imbedded in pulp, but they never be- 

 come loose as is the case in the berry; 

 and hence this fruit is readily distin- 

 guished from it. There has been much 

 discussion with regard to the nature of 

 the pepo. By some botanists the pla- / 

 centas are considered as axile, and the i 

 fi-uit normally three-celled, as it is ^ 

 formed of three carpels ; while by others 

 the placentas are regarded as parietal, 

 and the fruit normally one-ceUed, as •*" 

 deSned above. Those who adopt the 

 first view believe that each placenta 



sends outwards a process towards the Fig. 701. Transverse section 



walls of tlie fruit, and that these pro- fj^l ^-j* ^^ ^P Car'pefs! 



cesses ultimatelv reach the walls and s. Processes proceeding from 



then become bent inwards and bear the SX"ence,*?rd1erminatd 

 seeds on the curved portions; if these by curved placentas, jjz.pz,^:-?, 

 processes remain, the fruit is three- p^^^^^p^- 

 celled, if, on the contrary, they become absorbed, it is only one- 

 celled, and the placentas are spuriously parietal. According 

 to the view here adopted, the placentas Avhich are parietal, send 

 processes inwards which meet in the centre, and thus render 

 the fruit spuriously three-celled; or, if these are afterwards 

 obliterated, or imperfectly formed, it is one-celled. This 

 fruit is illustrated by the Melon, Gourd, Cucumber, Elaterium, 

 and other CucurbitaceiB. The fruit of the Papaw-Tree resem- 

 bles a pepo generally, except in being superior. 



3. The Pome is an inferior, indehiscent, two or more celled, 

 few-seeded, fleshy fruit ; the endocarp of Avhich is papery, cartila- 

 ginous, or bony, and surrounded by a fleshy mass consisting 

 of mesocarp and epicarp, which is generally considered to be 

 formed by the cohesion of the general parenchyma of the ovary 

 with the tube of the calyx. Examples may be seen in the Apple 

 (Jig. 702), Pear, Quince (Jig. 459), Medlar, Hawthorn, &c. By 

 some botanists, the outer fleshy portion is considered as an 

 enlarged concave receptacle like that of the Rose (Jig. 439), and 

 the bony or cartilaginous cells are then regarded as distinct 

 carpels, the walls of which are formed of the three layers of the 

 pericarp completely united and indistinguishable. 



y2 



