324 



ORGANOGRAPHY. 



4. The Bahusta is an inferior, many-celled, many-seeded, 

 indehiscent fruit, with a tough rind. It is formed of two rows 



Fig. 702. 



Fig. 702. Vertioal section of the pome or fruit of the Apple {Pijrus Malvs) 



Fig. 703. Vertical section of the baiausta or fruit of the Pomegranate. 



of carpels placed above each other, and surrounded by the calyx, 

 and the seeds are attached irregularly to the walls or centre. 

 The Pomegranate fruit {fig. 703) is the only example. 



2. Fruits formed by the combination of several 

 Flowers. 



These fruits are commonly termed Anthocarpous, as they con- 

 sist not only of the carpels of several flowers united, but also 

 usually of the bracts and floral envelopes in combination with 

 them. They have been also called Multiple, Aggregate, or Col- 

 lective fruits, and the two former terms liave been also applied in 

 a difi'erent sense, as mentioned under the head of Apocarpous 

 fruits. 



1. The Cone is a collective, more or less elongated fruit, com- 

 posed of a number of indurated scales, each of which bears one or 

 more naked seeds (fig. 709). This fruit is seen in the Fir (^^.269), 

 Larch, Spruce (fi-g. 397), Araucaria, and many other plants of the 

 order Coniferre; which derives its name from this circumstance. 

 All plants of the Cycas family also which ])Ossess fruit, have one of 

 a similar structure. There are two views as to the nature of 

 the indurated scales: by some botanists they are regarded as 

 carpels spread open, by others as bracts. They certainly more 

 resemble tlie latter organs in appearance, as they never present 

 any trace of style or stigma on their surface. 



2. The Galbulus. — This fruit is but a modification of the Cone; 

 differing only in being more or less rounded in form instead of 

 somewliat conical, and having the heads of tlic scales much 

 enlarged. It is seen in the Cypress {fig. 705), and in tlie Juniper 

 (fig. 704). In the latter the scales become fleshy, and are united 

 together into one muss, so that it somewhat resembles at first 



