ORGANS OF KEPRODUCTION. 325 



sight a berrv, but its nature is at once seen by examining the 

 apex, when three radiating hues will be observed corresponding 



Fig. 706. 



Fig. 704. Galbulus or fruit of .Iiiniper {Junipertis communis) Fig. 705. 



Galbulus or fruit of tlie Cypress (Cm/tcssms sempervirens). Fig. 706. Spha- 



lerocarpium or fruit of the Yew (Taxus baccata), surrounded by bracts at the 

 base. 



to the three scales of which the fruit has been formed, and which 

 are here but imperfectly united. 



No other kind of fruits except the Cone and Galbulus are 

 found in the Coniferse and CycadaceiB. 



In the Yew however {Taxus) {fig. 706), the so-called fruit 

 consists simply of a naked seed, nearly enclosed in a succulent 

 cup-shaped mass, which is a development from the outer coat 

 (priminc) of the ovule. This fruit has been called the Sphale- 

 rocarpium. Properly speaking, it does not belong to the class of 

 Collective fruits at all, as it is formed of but a single flower. We 

 have placed it here following Dr. Lindley's arrangement, and 

 because of its similarity in structure to the two preceding fruits. 



The Cone must be carefully distinguished from Cone-like 

 fi-uits, such as the Magnolia (fig. 652), Liriodendron (fig. 589), 

 &c. The latter are not collective fruits at all, but they consist 

 of the aggregated carpels of a single flower, placed upon an 

 elongated thalamus. 



3. The Strobilu.s or Strobile. — The fruit of the Hop (Humulus 

 Lupulus) (fig. 398) is by some botanists considered as a kind 

 of Cone with membranous scales, to Avhich the name of Strobilus 

 or Strobile has been given; but this fruit differs essentially from 

 the cone, in having its seed distinctly enclosed in an ovary 

 placed at the base of each scale. We distinguish this fruit, 

 therefore, as a distinct kind, under the above name. It should 

 be also noticed that the term Strobilus is frequently employed 

 synonymous with Cone. 



4. The Sorosis is a collective fruit, formed of a number of 

 separate flowers firmly coherent into a fleshy or pulpy mass with 

 the thalamus upon which they are situated. Examples of this 

 may be seen in the Pine-apple (fig. 706, 2), where each square 



T 3 



