360 



ORGANOGRArilT. 



b. Adnation or adhesion of the different whorls is also, by no 

 means uncommon. Thus the calyx may be united to the corolla, 

 or to the stamens, or with both; or all these whorls may be united 

 to the ovary. These different adhesions have been already ex- 

 plained, under the terms per if^j/Tions, epigynous, and superior calyx. 

 Again, the stamens may be united separately to the corolla, when 

 they are said to be epipeialous, or to the pistil (gt/nandrons). All 

 the changes due to union or adhesion have been fully described 

 in treating of the different whorls of tlie flower. 



2. Addition or multiplication of parts. — This may be 

 also considered under two heads: — 1st. the addition of one or 

 more entire whorls; and secondly, the increase in the number 

 of parts, which is due to the multiplication by division of any 

 or all of the organs of a whorl. The former is commonly termed 

 augmentation., the latter chorisis, deduplication, or nnlining. 



a. Augmentation. — The increase in the number of whorls may 

 0(tcur in one or more of the floral circles. Thus the Barberry, 

 {fig. 767) has two whorls of sepals, two of petals, and two of 

 stamens ; in this flower, therefore, we have an addition of one 

 whorl of organs to each of the three external floral circles. In 

 the Poppy, we have a number of additional whorls of stamens 

 ifig. 769). In the Magnolia family generally, the increase is 

 chiefly remarkable in the carpels (fig. 589, c). In Nympha:a 

 {fig. 768), the petals and stamens are greatly increased in num- 



Fig. 767. 



Fig. 768. 



Fig. 769. 





Fig. 767. Diagram of the flower of tlie Barberry (Bcrberis) Fifj. 7(58. Diagram 



of the flower ot Kymphcea Fig. 7C'.». Diagram of the flower of the Poppy. 



ber. In many of the Ranunculacene {fig. 770), the stamens and 

 carpels are very numerous, owing to addition of whorls. As a 

 rule, the increase in the number of whorls is most common among 

 the stamens. When the increase is not excessive, the number of 

 the organs so increased is a multii)le of the normal number of 

 parts in each whorl; thus in the Barberry, the nornuil number is 

 three, ami that of the sepals, petals, and stamens, six, so that in 

 each whorl we have doul)le the normal number. When the 

 addition of ])arts extends to beyond three or four whorls, this 

 cories])ond('ncc in nunil)er is liable to mncli variation; and 

 when the addition is very great, as in the stamens of Clematis 



