THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 403 



genus ; Sp. or Spec, for species ; Var. for variety ; Herb, for 



herbarium, &c. Again, — 



V. V. c. ( Vidi vivam cultani) indicates that the author has seen 

 a living cultivated plant as described by him. 



V. v. s. ( Vidi vivam spontaneam) indicates that the author has 

 seen a living wild plant. 



V, s, c. ( Vidi siccam cultani) indicates that a dried specimen of 

 the cultivated plant has been examined. 



V. s. s. ( Vidi siccam spontaneam) indicates that a dried speci- 

 men of the wild plant has been examined. 

 The more important symbols are as follows : — 



0> 0> (i)' or A, signifies an annual plant. 



O O, 0, or B, means a biennial plant. 



2^ , A , or P, signifies a perennial. 



'h or Sh., means a shrub. 



T. signifies a tree. 



( twining to the right ; ) twining to the left. 



i a staminate flower. 



$ a pistillate flower. 



$ a hermaphrodite flower. 



i - $ a monoecious plant. 



i : ^ a dioecious species. 



$ i $ a polygamous species. 



0= signifies that the cotyledons are accumbent, and the 

 radicle lateral. 



O II Cotyledons incumbent, radicle dorsal. 



O ^ Cotyledons conduplicate, radicle dorsal. 



O II II Cotyledons twice folded, radicle dorsal. 



II II II Cotyledons three times folded, radicle dorsal. 



? The note" of inten-ogation is used to indicate doubt or un- 

 certainty as to the genus, species, locality, &c. 



1 The note of exclamation indicates certainty in the above 



particulars. 

 * The asterisk indicates that a good description is to be found 

 at the reference to which it is appended. 



CHAPTEK 2. 



STSTE3I8 OF CLASSIFICATION. 



We have already stated that Systematic Botany has for its 

 object, the naming, describing, and arranging of plants in such 

 a manner, that we may readily ascertain those names, and get 

 an insight into their relations and general properties. All 

 systems that have been devised for the arrangement of plants 



D D 2 



