422 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY, OR 



Division 1. Vasculares, or Cotyledonece ; that is, plants possessing 

 both celhilar tissue and vessels ; and having an 

 embryo with one or more cotyledons. 

 Division 2. Cellulares, or Acotyledoneoe ; that is, plants composed 

 of cellular tissue only ; and whose embryo is not 

 furnished with cotyledons. 

 The former division was again divided into two classes, called 

 Exogenre or Dicotyledonea, and Endogen£B or Monocotyledoneae, 

 the essential characters of -which may be thus stated : — 

 Class 1. Exogena, ox DicotyledoneoE ; that is, plants whose vessels 

 are arranged in concentric layers, of which the 

 youngest are the outermost and the softest ; and 

 having an embryo with opposite or whorled coty- 

 ledons. 

 Class 2. EndogencE, or MonocotyledonecB ; that is, plants whose 

 vessels are aiTanged in bundles, the youngest being 

 in the middle of the trunk ; and having an embryo 

 with solitary or alternate cotyledons. 

 These classes w^re again divided into sub-classes or groups. 

 Thus, under the Dicotyledoneaj were placed four groups, named 

 Thalamiflorae, Calyciflorai, Corolliflorte, and Monochlamydei». 

 Under Monocotyledoneoe two groups, called Phanerogamsc and 

 Cryptogamoe. The latter group, which included the higher 

 Cryptogamia, was placed under Monocotyledonete from a mis- 

 taken idea of the plants included in it possessing an embryo, of 

 a somewhat analogous character to the plants in that class of 

 plants. The Acotyledoneas were also divided into two groups, 

 called Foliosre and Aphyllte. 



The following is a tabular view of De Candolle's system. 



Sub- kingdom 1. Vasculares, or Cotyledonece. 

 Class 1. ExogencB, or Dicotyledoneoe, 



{Petals distinct, inserted with 

 the stamens on the tha- 

 lamus. 

 {Petals distinct, or more or 

 less united, and inserted 

 on the calyx. 



3. Corollijlorce. f Petals united, and inserted, 



\ on the tbalamus. 

 ^ n/r 1.7 J f Having only a single circle 



4. MonochlamydecB. | of floral envelopes, or none. 



Class 2. Endogena, or Monocotyledonccr. 



Sub-class 1. Phanerogam<., | i>|;;;,tifi cation visible, rcgu- 



„ ^ , f Fructification hidden, un- 



2. Cryptogam^,, | ^^^^^^^^ ^^ in'cgular. 



