the classification of plants. 427 



2. Sexual, ok Flowering Plants. 



Fructification springing from a thallus Class 3. Rhizogens. 

 Fructification springing from a stem. 

 Wood of stem youngest in the centre; 

 cotyledon single. 

 Leaves parallel-veined, permanent ; 



wood of the stem always confrised Class 4. Endogens. 

 Leaves net-veined, deciduous ; 

 wood of the stem, when peren- 

 nial, arranged in a circle with 

 a central pith .... Class 5. Dictyogens. 

 Wood of stem youngest at the cir- 

 cumference, always concentric; 

 cotyledons two or more. 



Seeds quite naked . . . Class 6. Gymnogens. 

 Seeds enclosed in seed-vessels Class 7. Exogens. 



The Exogens were further divided into four sub-classes thus : — > 



Sub-class 1. Diclinous Exogens, or those with unisexual flowers, 

 and without any customary tendency to form 

 hermaphrodite flowers. 



Sub-class 2. Hypogynous Exogens, or those with hermaphrodite 

 or polygamous flowers; and stamens entirely 

 free from the calyx and corolla. 



Sub-class 3. Perigynous Exogens, or those with hermaphrodite 

 or polygamous flowers, and with the stamens 

 growing to the side of either the calyx or 

 corolla; ovary superior, or nearly so 



Sub-class 4. Epigynous Exogens, or those with hermaphrodite 



or polygamous flowers, and with the stamens 



growing to the side of either the calyx or 



corolla; ovary inferior, or nearly so. 



Neither of the other classes are divided into sub-classes, but 



of Endogens, fom' sections are distinguished thus : — 



1. Flowers glumaceous ; (that is to say, composed of bracts not 



collected in true whorls, but consisting of imbricated 

 colourless or herbaceous scales). 



2. Flowers petaloid, or furnished with a true calyx or corolla, 



or with both, or absolutely naked; unisexual (that is, 

 having sexes altogether in different flowers, without half- 

 formed rudiments of the absent sexes being present). 



3. Flowers furnished with a true calyx and corolla, adherent to 



the ovaiy; hermaphrodite. 



4. Flowers furnished with a true calyx and corolla, free from 



the ovary; hermaphrodite. 



Under the above classes Lindley has included 303 Natural 

 Orders, which he has arranged in groups subordinate to the 



