472 



SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



Fig. 8S3. Peduncle of the Lime, bearing two 

 flower-buds, and a fully expanded flower. 



Fig. 883. 883), opening longitudi- 



nally, or by pores at the 

 apex. Disk glandular, liy- 

 pogynous. Carpels 2 — 10 

 {fig.%9>\), which are gene- 

 rally united so as to form 

 a compound many-celled 

 ovary, sometimes disu- 

 nited ; placentas axile (Jig. 

 881) ; style 1 {figs. 882 and 

 883) ; stigmas equal in 

 number to the carpels. Fruit 

 dry or pulpy, sometimes 

 samaroid, usually many- 

 celled, or rarely 1 -celled by 

 abortion. Seeds solitary or 

 numerous ; embryo erect, 

 straight, in the axis of fleshy 

 albumen ; cotyledons^oX and 

 leafy {fig. 741 c.) ; radicle 

 next the hilura. 



Diagnosis. — This order 

 resembles in many respects, the Malvaceie, Sterculiaceae, and 

 Byttneriaceae. It may be at once distinguished from them, by 

 having a glandular disk, by the stamens not being monadelphous, 

 and by the anthers being 2-cclled. From all other Thal^mi- 

 floral Exogens the plants of this order may be known by their 

 alternate, entire, stipulate leaves ; valvate aestivation of calyx, 

 which is also deciduous ; floral envelopes in 4 or 5 divisions ; 

 stamens hypogynous, either distinct or polyadelphous ; anthers 

 2-celled ; hypogynous glandular disk ; many-celled fniit with 

 axile placentas ; and embryo erect, straight, in the axis of fleshy 

 albumen. 



Divisions of the Order, Sfc. — The order has been divided into 

 two tribes as follows: — 



Tribe 1. Tiliece. — Corolla with entire petals, or wanting; 

 anthers dehiscing longitudinally. E.tamples : — Liihea, Cor- 

 cliorus, Triumfctta, Tilia, Grewia, Aristotclia. 



Tribe 2. Elaocarpece. — Petals lacerated, anthers opening at the 

 apex. Examples ; — Elajocarpus, Monoccra, Vallea. 



Distribution, 8fc. — A few are found in the northern parts of 

 the world, where they form large trees, but the plants of the 

 order arc chiefly tn^pical, and occur in such parts, as herbs, 

 shrubs, or trees. There arc 38 genera, and 350 species. 



Properties and Uses.— In their jtropertics, the Tihaceae re- 

 semble the IVIalvacea.'. They are altogether innocuous, and are 

 generally inucilaginous, emollient, and demulcent. Many of 

 them also yield fibres, which are much used for manufacturing 



