500 SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



always small, persistent and unchanged, never increasing with 

 the growth of the fruit ; the stamens being always alternate with 

 the petals, not opposite ; the petals and stamens are never fixed 

 on the margin of the conspicuous cup-shaped disk ; the ovary 

 is normally plurilocular with axile placentation, and when 

 unilocular, this happens only from the abortion of the other 

 cells, the traces of which are always discernible, never completely 

 unilocular at the summit, and plurilocular at base, with free 

 central placentation. In Icacinacese the ovules are suspended 

 below the summit of the cell in pairs superimposed by cup- 

 shaped podosperms ; only one of these becomes perfected, and 

 the seed is furnished with the usual integuments." 



Distribution, S^c. — "They are natives of tropical or nearly 

 tropical countries ; chiefly the East Indies, Africa, and South 

 America, a single species being found each in New Holland, Nor- 

 folk Island, and New Zealand." Examples : — Icacina, Mappia, 

 Stemonurus, Sarcostigma. There are 13 genera, and 65 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Unknown. 



Natural Order 57. Cyrillace^. — The Cyrilla Order.— 

 Diagnosis. — Evergreen shrubs, with alternate, exstipulate 

 leaves, nearly related to Olacacece, but chiefly distinguished 

 by their imbricate petals, which are altogether free from any 

 hairiness on their inside; and by the stamens being all fertile, 

 and, if equal in number to the petals, alternate with them. 



Distribution, 8fc. — They are all natives of North America. 

 Examples : — Cyrilla, Mylocaryum, Elliottia. There are 3 genera, 

 and 5 species. 



Properties and Uses Nothing is known of their properties 



and uses. 



Natural Order 58. Humiriace^. — The Humirium Order. 



— Diagnosis. — Trees or shrubs witli a balsamic juice. Leaves 

 alternate, simple, coriaceous, exstipulate. Calyx 5-parted, 

 imbricated. Petals 5, imbricated. Stamens hypogynous, 20 or 

 more, monadelphous ; anthers 2-celled ; connective elongated 

 beyond the anther-lobes. Ovary superior, usually surrounded 

 by a disk, 5-celled; ovules 1 or 2 in each cell, suspended ; style 

 simple; stigma 5-lobcd. Fruit drupaceous, 5-cellcd, or fewer 

 celled by abortion. Seed with a narrow ettibryo lying in fleshy 

 albumen, orthotropal. 



Distribution, 8fr. — Natives of tropical America. Examples : 



— Saccoglottis, Humirium, Vantanea. There are but 3 genera, 

 and 18 species. 



Properties and Uses. — A balsamic yellow liquid called 

 Balsam of Umiri, is obtained from the incised stem of Humirium 

 floribundum ; this is reputed to resemble in its properties Copaiba 

 and Balsam of Peru. Other species arc said to yield useful 

 balsamic liquids. The so-called balsamic liquid found in plants 

 of this order, is probably not a true balsam, but an olco-resin 

 resembling Wood Oil and Copaiba. 



