CALTCIFLOK^. 545 



Styles at the back instead of the apex of the ovary; and in the 

 seeds not being arillate. 



Distribution, Sfc. — They are all natives of Chili and Peru. 

 Examples : — Malasherbia, Gynopleura. These are the only 

 genera, which include but 5 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Altogether unknown. 



Natural Order 96. Turnerace^. — The Turnera Order. 

 — Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants. Leaves alternate, 

 exstipulate, hairy. Flowers axillary. Calyx inferior, 5-lobed, 

 imbricated in aestivation. Petals 5, equal, twisted in aestivation, 

 perigynous. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, perigynous ; 

 filaments distinct. Ovary 1-celled, superior, with 3 parietal 

 placentas; styles 3, more or less coherent at the base, and un- 

 divided, or forked, or branched above. Fruit capsular, 1-celled, 

 3-A'alved, partially dehiscing in a loculicidal manner. Seeds 

 with a strophiole on one side, with a shghtly curved embryo 

 in the midst of fleshy albumen. 



Distribution, 8fc. — Natives exclusively of South America 

 and the West Indies. Examples: — Turnera, Piriqueta. These 

 are the only genera according to Lindley; they include about 

 60 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Some are said to be astringent, others 

 tonic and expectorant, and a few aromatic. 



Natural Order 97. Papatace^. — The Papaw Order. — 

 Trees or shrubs, sometimes with an acrid milky juice. Leaves 

 alternate, on long stalks, lobed. Flowers unisexual. Calyx 

 inferior, minute, 5-toothed. Corolla monopetalous, without 

 scales in the fertile flowers, 5-lobed. The barren flower has a 

 few stamens inserted on the corolla. The fertile flower has a 1- 

 celled superior ovary, with 3 — 5 parietal placentas. Fruit 

 succulent, or dehiscent. Seeds numerous, albuminous, with the 

 radicle towards the hilum. 



Distribution, ^c. — Natives of South America and of the 

 warmer parts of the Old World. Examples : — Carica, Modecca. 

 There are 8 genera, and 25 species. 



Properties and Uses. — The acrid milky juice of Carica digitata 

 is said to be a deadly poison. The juice of the unripe fruit, and 

 the powdered seeds of Carica Papaya are powerful anthelmintics. 

 The fruit, however, when cooked, is eaten. This plant is said to 

 have the property of rendering meat tender. It is stated that 

 newly -killed meat hung among the leaves soon becomes tender, 

 and even that the flesh of old hogs and old poultry fed on its 

 leaves or fruit becomes tender. The leaves are also used in some 

 districts as a substitute for soap. The juice according to 

 Vauquelin, is a highly animahsed substance, resembling animal 

 albumen in its characters and reactions. 



Natural Order 98. Pangiace^. — The Pangium Order. — 

 Diagnosis. — This is a small order of arborescent unisexual plants 

 nearly alhed to Papayacece, but differing principally in being 



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