560 



SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



Distribution, ^c. — Natives of the Cape of Good Hope except 

 one Madagascar species. Examples : — Brunia, Raspailla, Grub- 

 bia, Ophiria. There are 15 genera, and 65 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Unknown. 



Natural Order 120. Umbellifer^ or Apiace^. — The Um- 

 belliferous Order. — General Character. — Herbs or small 

 shrubs, with hollow or solid stems. Leaves alternate, generally- 

 sheathing at the base {fig. 258), usually compound (fig. 340), 

 or sometimes simple, exstipulate. Flowers generally in umbels, 

 (figs. 375, 407 and 937), white, pink, yellow, or blue, with {fig. 



Fig. 937 



Remains of the styles, 



Fig. 93", c. General umbel of Fool's 

 Parsley yyEfhnsa Cynapiuni), in 

 fruit, b. One of the umbeliules, 

 showing the 3-leaved, partial, 



pendulous, involucel Fig. 938. 



A side view of the ripe fruit of 

 the Hemlock (Coiiium maciila- 

 tuni) Fig- 939. Transverse sec- 

 tion of the fruit of the same. 



Fig. 940. Vertical section of one of 

 the halves of the fruit (mericarp). 

 The letters refer to the same parts 

 in these last figures, n, a. Ridges. 

 h, b. Channels, d. Albumen. /. 

 axis. i. prolonged axis, or Carpophore. 



375) or without (fig. 407) an involucre. Cah/.T (fig. 563) supe- 

 rior, the limb entire, or 5-toothcd, or obsolete. "Pe/a/s 5 (fig. 563) 

 usually inflcxed at the point, often unequal in size, inserted on 

 the calyx outside the disk which crowns the ovary ; astication 

 imbricate, or rarely valvate. Stamens 5, inserted with the petals, 

 and alternate with them (fig. 563), incurved in a-stivation. 

 Ovary inferior (fig. 563), crowned by a double fleshy disk 

 (stylnpod) (fiy. 563 d), 2-cel!cd, with a solitary pendulous ovule 

 m each cell; s////f,s 2 (fig. 938 a); stigmas simple. Fruit called 

 a cremocarp or diachanimn (figs. 136, 697, 938 and 939), con- 

 sisting of 2 carjjcls (mericarp.s), adhering by their face (commis- 

 sure) to a common axis (carpophore), from which they ultimately 



