CALYCIFLOR^. 



565 



Alalia nudicauUs is a native of North America, ■where its roots are used 

 popularly as an alterative and stimulant diaphoretic in rheumatic affections. 

 It is commonly known under the name oi False or American Sarsaparilla. 

 It is sometimes forwarded to this country. The bark of^. spinosa, called 

 Angelica, or Toothache-tree in North America, is used as a stimulant diapho- 

 retic. The rice paper of the Chinese has been ascertained by Sir William 

 Hooker to be prepared from the pith of a plant, named by him Aralia papy- 

 rifera. (See ^^icht/notnene paludosa, p. 527. A. racemosa, spinosa, and 

 hispida yield aromatic gum-resins. 



Dimorphanthus or Aralia edulis, is used in China as a diaphoretic. Its 

 young shoots and roots are also eaten as vegetables in China and Japan. 



Hedera Helix, the Ivy, is reputed to be diaphoretic, and its berries are 

 emetic and purgative. 



Gunnera scabra is remarkable for its enormous leaves, which are sometimes 

 as much as eight feet in diameter. Its fleshy leaf-stalks, which resemble those 

 of the Rhubarbs in appearance, are eaten. Its roots are astringent. 



Artificial Analysis of the Natural Orders in the Sub-class 

 Calvciflor^. — Modified from Lindley. 



(The Numbers refer to the Orders.) 

 1. Flowers Polyandrous — Stamens more than 20. 



A. Ovary wholly superior. 



a. Leaves without stipules. 



1 . Carpels more or less distinct, {at least as to the 

 styles) ; or solitary. 



Stamens distinctly perigynous. Ovules 

 suspended or ascending .... Rosacece. 82. 



Stamens more or less hypogynous. Ovules 

 attached to a long funiculus arising from 

 the base of the cell . . , . Anacardiacece. 76. 



2. Carpels co?)ibined into a solid pistil. 



Sepals 2, coherent at the base only. Ovary 



with a free central placenta . . . PortulacacecE. 92. 

 Sepals more than 2, coherent into a tube. 



Ovary with axile placentas . . . Lythracece. 84. 



b. Leaves with stipules. 



1. Carpels more or less distinct, {at least as to the 

 styles) ; or solitary. 



Calyx with the odd lobe inferior. Stamens 



m'ore or less hypogynous .... Leguminosece. 80. 

 Calyx with the odd lobe superior. Stamens 



perigynous Rosacece. 82. 



2. Carpels combined into a solid pistil. 



Ovary 1-celled with a free central placenta . Portulacacece. 92. 



B. Ovary inferior, or partially so. 

 a. Leaves without stipules. 



1. Placentas parietal. 



Petals definite in number, distinct from the 

 calyx LoasacecB. 100. 



Petals indefinite in number, gradually pass- 

 ing into the sepals CactacecE. 102. 



2. Placentas in the axis. 



Leaves with transparent dots. 



Ovary 1-celled. Cotyledons not distinct ChamalauciacexE . 108. 

 Ovary with more than 1 cell. Cotyle- 

 dons distinct Myrtacece. 106. 



Leaves without dots. 

 Petals very numerous .... Mesembryacecs. 93. ■ 

 Petals definite in number. 

 Petals narrow and strap-shaped . . Alangiacece. 116. 

 Petals roundish and concave. 



Styles united Barringtoniacece. 109. 



Styles distinct Philadelphacecc. 105. 



O O 3 



