580 SYSTEMATIC BOTAXY# 



mulant tonic, and antispasmodic properties, and also externally for fomenta- 

 tions. The flowers constitute the Roman or True Chamomiles of the Materia 

 Medica. 



Matricaria Chamomilla has similar properties to the above. The flowers 

 are the Flores ChamomilltB of German pharmacologists. The flowers are 

 commonly distinguished as Common Chamomiles. 



Anacyclus Pyrethrum, Pellitoryof Spain.— The root is employed as an 

 energetic local irritant, and sialogogue, in toothache, relaxation of the 

 uvula, &c. A . qfficinarum of Hayne, has similar properties. The root is that 

 commonly used in Germany. 



Artemisia Absinthium.— The dried herb, or the flowering top, under the 

 namf" of Wormwood, is used as an aromatic bitter tonic, and as an anthel- 

 mintic. It is also employed in the preparation of some liqueurs. A.chinensis. 

 — According to Lindley, the Chinese and Japanese Moxa is prepared from 

 the cottony or woolly covering of the leaves of this and other species. The 

 substance sold as Wurmseed conshts of the broken flower-stalks, involucres, 

 and' flower-buds of several species of Artemisia, as A. Sieberi, A. Vahliana, 

 A. paiiciflora, A. Lercheana, ^c. Wormseed is also known by the names of 

 semen-contra, semen cincB, semen santonicu?n, 4'C- It is employed as a ver- 

 mifuge. A. Dracuncnlus, is the Tarragon, the leaves of which are sometimes 

 used in pickles, salads, &c. 



Tanacetum vulgare, the common Tansy, possesses tonic and anthelmintic 

 properties. 



Arnica tnontana. Mountain Arnica, Mountain Tobacco, or Leopard's-bane 

 is an acrid stimulant. It has been employed in typhoid fevers, in amaurosis, 

 in paralysis, &c. It has been named on tlie continent Panacea lapsorum from 

 the power it possesses of absorbing tumours and destroying the efi'ects of 

 bruises. 



Calendula officinalis, the Marigold, has yellow florets, which are sometimes 

 employed to adulterate saffron. 



Aucklandia Costus. — The root of this plant, which is a native of Cashmere, 

 Is said by Falconer to be the Costus of the ancients. It is commonly known 

 in the North-VVestern parts of India under the name of Orris Root. 



Carduus, the Thistle. — Some species of this genus, particularly C. Bene- 

 dictus, have been used as tonics and febrifuges. 



Onopordum Acanthium is the Scotch Thistle of gardeners. It is also 

 known under the name of Cotton Thistle. 



Carthamus tinctorius, Safflower or Bastard Saffron — The florets are used 

 in the preparation of a beautiful pink dye. The pink saucers of the shops are 

 coloured by it. It is also largely employed in the manufacture of rouge. 

 Safflower is sometimes used to adulterate hay saffron. The substance called 

 cake saffi-071 is prepared from it and mucilage. The fruits, which are com- 

 monly called seeds, yield by expression a large quantity of oil, which is known 

 in India under the name of Koosum Oil. The fruits of C. pAsicus also yield 

 a useful oil. 



Cynara Scolymus.— The young succulent receptacles of this pbnt are used 

 for food, under the name of .Artichokes. The edible Cardoons are the 

 blanched petioles and stems of Cynara Cardunculus. 



Sul>-Ordcr 2. Labiatiflor.*:. — There are no important plants known to 

 belong to this sub-order. Some have been reputed aromatic, mucilaginous, 

 and tonic, and the leaves of Printxia aromatica are sometimes employed at 

 the Cape of Good Hope as a substitute for tea. 



Sub-Order 3. Ligi'Liflorje. — The plants ofthis sub-order generally contain 

 a milky juice, which commonly possesses alterative, aperient, diuretic, or 

 narcotic properties. The roots of some are used as esculent vegetables ; and 

 other plants of this division by cultivation with diminished light, become 

 edible as salads. 



Cichorium Intyhus. Wild Succory or Chicory. — This plant is indigenous 

 in this and many other countries of Europe. It is extensively cultivated for 

 the sake of its roots, which are roasted and used as a substitute for, or more 

 frequently as an addition to, ground coffee. Nearly 100 millions of pounds 

 are annually consumed in Kurope. It does not. however, possess in any 

 degree, the peculiar exciting, soothing, and hunger staying properties of that 

 Hubstance, and its extensive emuloyment is much to be deprecated as it is not 

 unfremiently attended with injurious effects. The fresh root has been em- 

 ployed in medicine, and possesses somewhat similar properties to that of 

 JJandelion. A blue dye may be prepared from the leaves. Cichorium Endivia 



